8. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:

1. What is labour in the strict economic sense?

2. What kind of standard is money?

3. What services are economists concerned with?

4. What expenses arise out of a business activity?

5. Who bears risks when starting a business?

6. What is capital?

7. What are three constituents of successful business?

8. Who competes in a free market?

9. What is the aim of this competition?

10.What types of monopoly do you know?

9. Выберите утверждения, соответствующие содержанию текста.

1. If a person receives no fixed wages for his work, this work is not considered labour in the strict economic sense.

2. Money is a religious and subjective standard.

3. A self- employed farmer is in the same category with a farmworker as he receives fixed wages.

4. The surplus is not usually available only for employers and their families.

5. There is no risk in providing capital for new businesses.

6. Any business has to compete on the market with other companies producing the same type of commodity.

7. Market today is simply a place set aside for buying and selling.

8. In a perfect market communications between buyers and sellers are easy.

9. The price ruling in the market indicates the point where supply and demand meet.

10.The result of a monopolistic activity is to fix prices at a level, suitable to the seller and which may bring him artificially high profits.

10. Кратко перескажите текст.

Vocabulary

change- обмен

payment- выплата

value- значимость, ценность

to care for- заботиться о

sense- смысл

activities- деятельность

surplus- излишек

to emerge- появляться, возникать

profit- прибыль

interest - проценты

rentals - аренда

overheads- накладные расходы

to earn- зарабатывать

investment- (капитало) вложения

to fail- прогореть (о бизнесе)

instance- пример

previous- предыдущий

deliberate- преднамеренный, обдуманный

to promote- способствовать

extension- расширение

unimpeded- беспрепятственный

peculiar- особенный

to affect- влиять

certain- определенный

monopolistic activity- монопольная деятельность

to restrict- ограничивать

to halt- останавливать

arrangements- соглашения, организации

mergers- объединения

possibility- возможность

authorities- власть

particular- определенный, особенный

to benefit- получать выгоду, пользу

infringe- нарушать

Test

1. Выберите правильные ответы на данные вопросы. Запишите ответы следующим образом, например: 1-d.

1. What kind of standard is money?

a)ethical, c)objective,

b)religious, d)subjective.

2. What is the standard, by which the value of things is judged?

a)labour, c)rentals,

b)work, d)money.

3. In terms of what is the work of a nurse measured?

a)goods, c)payment,

b)profit, d)services.

4. What does a self- employed farmer receives?

a)surplus, c)overheads,

b)wages, d)rentals.

5. An element of what does usually exist in providing capital for new businesses?

a)investment, c)profit,

b)risk, d)interest.

6. What takes place among sellers and buyers in a free market?

a)conditions, c)commodities,

b)arrangements, d)competition.

7. What becomes fixed at a level suitable to the seller as a result of a monopolistic activity?

a)risks, c)price,

b)rates, d)rentals.

8. The example of what kind of monopoly is Canadian nickel?

a)natural, c)legal,

b)cartel, d)state.