7. Answer the following questions:

1. Must many people have come up with it independently?

2. There were a number of different kinds of flat baked breads with a variety of sweet or salty toppings, weren't there?

3. What is the important thing when one bakes a pizza?

4. Is it possible to make a pizza at home?

5. Who created the Margherita?

8. Complete these sentences, using the correct variant.

A pizza stone can take the place of	the terracotta roof of the wood-fired oven . the terracotta floor of the wood-fired oven. the terracotta oven.
Flat baked breads with a variety of	the national colors. the mozzarella di bufala. sweet or salty toppings.
A Neapolitan pizzaiolo created the Margherita, which he named	after Italy's beautiful queen. after his wife. after the famous actress.
One can substitute the mozzarella di bufala with mozzarella fiordilatte made	from cow's milk. from camel’s milk. from horse’s milk.
Pizza and pizza-like creations are common	throughout Italy. throughout Europe. throughout Egipt.

9. Define the main idea of the text.

The best pizza.

The Egypt origin of a pizza.

The beginning of the Italian pizza.

10. Pair work. Think of the pizza you can get in a shop.

Lesson 10

1. a) Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your translation.

b) Cover the left column and translate the Russian words back into English.

dissolve растворять (ся), таять

knead dough месить тесто

rack стойка, штатив, рама, подставка

canned консервированный

2. Read the words and put down their Russian equivalents:

sauce-free rim ______________________________________

flat baking tins ______________________________________

a flat cookie sheet ___________________________________

plastic wrap ________________________________________

3. Change the words according to the model. Translate the words.

Model: Pollution, to pollute – загрязнять

satisfaction, to __________________ - __________________

combination, to _________________ - ___________________

confirmation, to _________________ - __________________

utilization, to __________________ - ___________________

4. Master the following words.

yeast - дрожжи, закваска

thick crust - пицца, у которой сыром залит только центральный круг, а по краям оставлен хлебный "ободок"

thin crust - пицца, у которой вся поверхность покрыта сыром и другими добавками

grease - топленое сало; жир

5. Put down the English for:

мука

томатный соус

сыр

начинка

оливковое масло

6. Translate the following words and word combinations in writing.

a healthy pinch ______________________________________

a baker's peel _______________________________________

2 tablespoons _______________________________________

a wood-fired pizza oven ______________________________

a stone with a deft yank _______________________________

7. Read and translate the text.

At home, a pizza stone can take the place of the terracotta floor of the wood-fired oven. The important thing is that you use good quality ingredients, and make your pizza with care.

To begin, the dough, for 2 12-inch crusts, you'll need:

1 package (2 1/4 teaspoons) active dry yeast

1 1/3 cups warm (105-115 F, or 42-45 C) water

3 1/2 -3 3/4 cups all purpose flour

2 tablespoons olive oil

A healthy pinch of salt

Begin by dissolving the yeast in the water, in a large mixing bowl; let it stand for 5 minutes. Add the remaining ingredients and mix, either by hand or with a mixer set to low speed, until the ingredients are blended. Now hand-knead the dough or mix it with a dough hook setting the speed to low for about 10 minutes, or until the dough is smooth and elastic. Coat the insides of another bowl with olive oil and turn the dough in it to coat it too, then cover with plastic wrap and set it in a warm place to rise for an hour, or until it doubles in volume. For the baking, if you have a wood-fired pizza oven, fire it up. If you are instead using your kitchen oven, preheat it to 475 F (250 C) -- if you are using a baking stone it should heat for at least 45 minutes. Otherwise grease and dust two flat baking tins with corn meal. Divide the dough in half, shape each half into a ball and let them sit for 15 minutes. Then shape them into disks, stretching them out from the center on a floured surface. Do not roll them, because rolling toughens the dough.

Ladle and spread a half cup or so of tomato sauce or chopped canned tomatoes over them, leaving an inch of sauce-free rim, add the toppings (see next page), and bake.

If you're using a baking stone and have a baker's peel (a thin metal disk with a handle), lightly flour it, slide the pizza onto it, and transfer it to the stone with a deft yank -- the flour will keep the dough from sticking. If you don't have a peel, use a flat cookie sheet instead, lightly flouring it, to transfer the pizza from the work surface to the stone.

If you're using a metal baking pan you should bake the pizza towards the bottom of the oven. In a recent post to Rec.Foods.Cooking Karen suggested baking on the bottom rack for about 4 minutes or until the pizza is firm enough to slide off the pan, and then slide it from the pan straight onto the rack to finish cooking.

The pizza will in any case be done when the crust is browned and the toppings are cooked; this takes 3 minutes in a wood-fired oven and about 15 at home. If you discover that the mozzarella begins to brown before the other ingredients are cooked to your satisfaction, the next time, add it after the pizza (with the other toppings) has baked for abоut 5 minutes.

Having said all this, once you have your dough, what to do with it? The standard topping combinations one encounters in Italy differ somewhat from those I have encountered elsewhere. The quantities given on the next page will be sufficient for one pizza each, so if you make the dough given above you will need to double the amounts, or select two.

8.Pair work. Put the questions given below to your group-mate and ask him/her to answer them.