Ex. 5. Retell the article “Smoking and your Lungs” in Russian. Smoking and your Lungs

Cigarette smoke contains many substances which can damage the lungs. The smoke has two parts: tiny solid pieces which contain tar (смола), and the gas, which contains carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Smoking takes these poisonous substances directly into your lungs. The filters in most cigarettes are of some benefit, but they still let most of the harmful chemicals into your lungs.

The tar in cigarette smoke damages cells in the airways of your lungs. Eventually this damage can produce cells that grow uncontrollably - leading to cancer of the lung or voice box (larynx).

Because of this, your body sends protecting cells to your lungs to try and defend them, but cigarette smoke destroys them. The dead cells then release substances that damage the structure of the lung. This leads to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Cigarette smoke also releases substances into your bloodstream that damage other organs. The arteries can be affected in your heart, brain and other places. This can lead to angina, heart attacks, strokes and poor circulation. It also increases your chances of developing cancer in other areas of the body, such as the gullet or bladder.

Passive smokers inhale smoke breathed in and out by smokers. They also breathe in the smoke from the burning tips of cigarettes. This smoke contains more of the harmful chemicals than the smoke which has passed through the cigarette filter. Passive smoking often troubles non-smokers, especially if they have asthma or other lung problems.

Children growing up with parents who smoke may develop lung problems. The risk of sudden death in young children is also increased when their parents smoke. There is a small increase in the risk of lung cancer in non- smokers who are in close contact with smokers for a long time.

Home work.

Ex. 6. Find the Absolute Participle Constructions in the sentences given below. Translate the sentences.

1. Chronic pancreatitis has various causes, the most common one being chronic alcoholism.

2. Our series of patients being too small, we had to continue our investigation with six additional groups.

3. Analytical chemistry is often described as the area of chemistry responsible for characterizing the composition of matter, both qualitatively (what is present) and quantitatively (how much is present), this description being misleading.

4. The doctors group those thirteen races together by ABO blood group, each type within this group having unique dietary recommendations.

5. Our results having confirmed findings reported by American doctors, we published them in the medical journal.

6. The penicillin tablets having been used, the symptoms disappeared.

Ex. 7. Read, translate and memorize the word combinations:

the respiratory system, to be similar in appearance, to be not identical, to be divided into the lobes, to be separated from each other, to be covered by a protective membrane, to be conical in shape, to be the proper substance of the lungs, to be housed in the chest cavity, to overlap, to be hospitable for friends, to be very important in the body's defense, to provide the second line of defense, to lodge in the lungs, , on the one hand on the other hand.

Ex. 8. a). Read and translate text A. b). Ask the questions on each logical unit of the text. c) Be ready to answer these questions using picture 1.

2.

Class work.

Ex. 9. Find the Absolute Participle Constructions in the sentences given below. Translate the sentences.

1. Migraine is the commonest complaint of the civilized man, all ages suffering from it.

2. Grippes being highly communicable disease, all people suffer from it very often.

3. The diet having been changed, the patient began losing his weight.

4. The treatment having been discontinued, the patient felt much better.

5. This method of treatment being the best one for heart-disease patients, it is widely used in our clinic.

Ex. 10. Translate at sight.