I don’t know how it happened, but we have our project approved.

Participle II can be also used after the verb have with causative meaning. In this case the action of Participle II can be performed by the subject or by someone else:

Have these papers printed as soon as possible.

I’ll have the letters sent by tomorrow.

After the verb make Participle II is used and it usually follows a reflexive pronoun:

They made themselves understood.

In a few months he made himself hated. The subjective participle construction

It is а construction in which the Participle is in predicate relation to а noun in the common сasе or а pronoun in the nominative сasе. In the sentence it is used as а complex subject. It is mostly used with the verbs of sense perception see and hear.

Manу times they were seen walking in Hyde Park.

Sometimes she was heard talking French.

The verbs watch and notice are not used with this construction.

Participle II can be also used to express the passive meaning:

Theу were seen stopped by а policeman.

The nominative absolute participle construction

It is а construction in which the Participle is in predicate relation to а noun in the common case or а pronoun in the nominative case which are neither the subject of the sentence nor the object of the finite verb.

Both Participle I and Participle II are used in these constructions. The Nominative Absolute Participle Constructions are usually rendered into Russian as subordinate clauses or clauses of a compound sentence.

The Nominative Absolute Participle Construction is used in the syntactic function of an adverbial modifier:

а) of time

The job finished, we went home straightaway.

Когда работа была окончена, мы сразу пошли домой.

b) of cause

The door hardly opened, he couldn’t see much of the inside.

Так как дверь была только слегка приоткрыта, он не видел почти ничего внутри.

The matter having been settled so amicably, I felt quite satisfied with the results. – Дело уладили полюбовно, и я был полностью удовлетворен результатом.

The rain starting, we decided to return to the camp.

Так как начинался дождь, мы решили вернуться в лагерь. / Начинался дождь, и мы решили вернуться в лагерь.

с) of attendant circumstances

He turned to the hostess, his face radiating happiness.

Он повернулся к хозяйке, лицо его светилось от счастья.

d) of condition

The snow covering the ground, we won’t find the path.

Если землю засыплет снегом, мы не сможем найти тропу.

The prepositional absolute participle construction

It is an Absolute Participle construction introduced by the preposition ‘with’. It is mostly used in the syntactic function of an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances.

He woke up, with the depression of yesterday gone.

Он проснулся и не ощутил депрессии, которую испытывал накануне.

Sometimes it is used in the syntactic function of an adverbial modifier of cause:

With all her questions answered at last, she felt relief.

И оттого, что она получила ответы на все вопросы, она испытала облегчение.

Absolute Participle constructions are mostly used in written speech and are typical of scientific texts and belles-lettres style.