- •Ответственный редактор
- •Рецензенты
- •General notion
- •Double nature of the participle
- •Inviting her friends to the party she sent them cards. – Indefinite Active
- •Tense distinctions of participles
- •If interrupted she will stop talking. – Future
- •Voice distinctions of participles
- •I saw him being followed.
- •Forms of participles
- •Participle II
- •Syntactic functions of рarтiciple I
- •2. Predicative
- •It didn't sound promising, but she thanked the clerk all the same.
- •3. Adverbial modifier:
- •I stayed at the office rather late, missing my bus home.
- •4. Parentheses.
- •Syntacтic functions оf рarтiciple II
- •1. Attribute.
- •2. Predicative
- •I’ll be done in a moment and we’ll go together.
- •I wonder when you’ll be finished with this task.
- •3. Adverbial modifier
- •If discovered, this information will upset their plans.
- •Parтiciple I and тhe gerund
- •I won’t have you discussing this matter in her absence. – я не допущу, чтобы вы обсуждали этот вопрос в ее отсутствии.
- •Predicative соnsтruсions with тhe parтiciple
- •The objective participle construction
- •I want everybody invited.
- •I felt myself shivering.
- •I don’t know how it happened, but we have our project approved.
- •I’ll have the letters sent by tomorrow.
- •In a few months he made himself hated. The subjective participle construction
- •The nominative absolute participle construction
- •The prepositional absolute participle construction
- •Absolute constructions without participles
- •Exercises syntactic functions of participle I and participle II
- •I recognized the man taking the f1oor.
- •The gerund and the participle
- •Predicative соnsтruсions with тhe parтiciple
- •Revision of non-finite forms
- •Keys to the tests
- •Glossary
- •Selected bibliography
- •Books used for examples
- •344082, Г. Ростов н/д, ул. Садовая, 33.
I won’t have you discussing this matter in her absence. – я не допущу, чтобы вы обсуждали этот вопрос в ее отсутствии.
In sentences with the Objective Participle Construction the verb ‘have’ has causative meaning:
He will have you laughing in no time at all. – Он быстро рассмешит тебя.
Predicative соnsтruсions with тhe parтiciple
Together with a noun or a pronoun Participles can form the following predicative constructions:
1. The Objective Participle Construction.
2. The Subjective Participle Construction.
3. The Nominative Absolute Participle Construction.
4. The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction.
The objective participle construction
It is а construction in which the Participle is in predicate relation to а noun or a pronoun (indefinite, defining, negative) in the common case or а personal pronoun in the objective сasе. Reflexive pronouns may be used too.
We watched the boy crossing the street.
We heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.
I want everybody invited.
We watched him crossing the street.
And then, to his surprise, he heard himself saying her name.
I felt myself shivering.
In the sentence this construction has the function of а complex object and is used after certain groups of verbs.
а) After the verbs of sense perception see, hear, watch, feel, notice, etc. Participle I is mostly used, though Participle II is also possible.
He watched the girl walking away forever.
She felt the water growing colder.
She heard the words said but didn't comprehend the meaning.
Note: The Objective-with-the-Infinitive construction and the Objective construction with Participle I differ in the following way: the Infinitive is used to denote complete events and actions which are seen or heard from beginning to end, while Participle I denotes repeated actions or actions going on at a definite moment. |
|
INFINITIVE |
PARTICIPLE I |
The people didn’t leave the shore until they saw the ship disappear in the distance. |
When we arrived we saw the ship already disappearing in the distance. |
If the verbs see and hear are used with the modal verb can, Participle I is usually used: I can hear her singing. |
|
b) After the verbs of mental activity expect, consider, understand, etc. Participle II is mostly used.
Theу considered him involved in the business.
с) After the verbs denoting wish want, wish, etc. Participle II is used.
He wants this letter typed as soon as possible.
d) After the verbs have, get both participles are used. The verb ‘have’ followed by the objective predicative construction with Participle I has causative meaning; the verb ‘get’ means ‘to make somebody or something start doing something’:
When mother comes she will get you cleaning you room.
He had the fire burning and we sat down around it.
Participle II is used when we speak about arranging for things to be done:
She had all her questions answered.
He had his hair cut.
He got his dinner delivered.
Participle II is also used when we say that something unpleasant or unexpected is done to the subject:
Mary is so unhappy – she had her car window broken yesterday.
