I. Read the text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list (a-g) for each part (1-5) of the text. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.

A. Field Notion.

B. An Important Conclusion.

C. Constituents of the Electromagnetism.

D. Electricity in the 19-th Century.

E. The Classical Formulation of Electromagnetism.

F. To Put Classical Magnetism in a Nutshell.

G. What are Subatomic Particles like?

II. Read the text. For statements (6-15) choose “True” if the statement is true according to the text, “False” if the statement is false:

6. Electricity and magnetism were considered as different phenomena till the nineteenth century.

7. All subatomic particles behave like magnets.

8. Due to the searches undertaken, some magnetic monopoles have been found.

9. The field concept is very important for the classical formulation of electromagnetism.

10. Einstein’s gravitational field existed in parallel with Newton’s concept of gravitational action.

11. An electric field is created by particles.

12. Particles react to the force applied against them by the electric field.

13. Maxwell’s equations describe the production of electric and magnetic fields.

14. The discovery of electromagnetic waves became possible due to Maxwell’s equations.

15. Human eye can perceive only a small segment of an electromagnetic spectrum.

III. Read the text. For questions (16-20) choose the correct answer (a, b, c or d).

16) Electricity and magnetism …

a) are different phenomena.

b) are two constituents of electromagnetism.

c) are not interesting for scientists now.

d) were discovered only in the 19-th century.

17) Many subatomic particles …

a) have the same properties with magnets.

b) helped to find some magnetic monopoles.

c) behave like electrons and protons.

d) are very important now.

18) The field concept …

a) is used only in Newton’s concept.

b) creates an electric field near it.

c) is one of the crucial notions in different areas of physics.

d) can’t be applied for electromagnetism.

19) Classical electromagnetism …

a) is a rare phenomenon.

b) can be seen only at night.

c) was formulated and used before the 19-th century.

d) can be described both by laws of action and Maxwell’s equations.

20) The human eye can perceive …

a) a huge range of electromagnetic spectrum.

b) a small range of electromagnetic spectrum.

c) no electromagnetic spectrum.

d) everything it wants.

IV. Match (21-30) with their definitions (a-l). There are two definitions that you do not need to use.

21.	phenomenon	A.	to conclude by reasoning; in logic
22.	component	B.	the arrangement of the body
23.	concept	C.	any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
24.	particle	D.	the distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave
25.	magnet	E.	a broad range of related objects or values or qualities or ideas or activities
26.	electron	F.	to make a great effort at a mental or physical task
27.	charge	G.	the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons
28.	exert	H.	a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field
29.	infer	I.	a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions
30.	position	J.	something determined in relation to something that includes it
		K.	an elementary particle with negative charge
		L.	an abstract or general idea inferred (derived) from specific instances

Supplementary Tasks :

For statements (21-30) chose the best alternative (A, B or C) to replace the expressions in italics:

1. Although conceived as distinct phenomena... (line 1)

A. different B. same C. similar

2. ... while charged particles in motion produce and respond to magnetic forces as well. (line 4)

A. penetrate B. complete C. create

2. ... as well as in many other areas of classical and contemporary physics. (line 12)

A. ways B. regions C. fields

2. ...between a pair of charged particles works in the following manner ... (line 15)

A. behavior B. road C. method

2. ... each particle responds to the force exerted upon it by the electric field ... (line 16)

A. depended B. influenced C. agreed

2. ... by four remarkable equations formulated in the latter part of the 19th century ... (line 20)

A. wonderful B. unknown C. obscure

2. ... as well as the manner in which changing magnetic fields produce electric fields... (line 24)

A. developing B. altering C. returning

2. From these relations Maxwell inferred the existence of electromagnetic waves ... (line 26)

   1. A. concluded B. thought C. decided

3. ... detached from the charges that created them ... (line 27)

   1. A. accompanied B. continued C. separated

4. ... extends from long-wavelength radio waves to short-wavelength gamma rays ... (line 31)

   1. A. continues B. follows C. stretches