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I. For statements (1-10) choose the best alternative (a, b or c) to replace the expressions in italics:

1. in which the dimensions, shapes, and other intrinsic properties of bodies are ignored (line 3)

A. forms B. heights C. lengths

2. …even objects as large as the Earth and the Sun are treated as pointlike (line 5).

A. considered B. discussed C. presented

3. … but they are imagined to be incapable of deformation...(line 8)

A. given B. created C. supposed

4. …three laws of motion set forth by Isaac Newton form the foundation ... (line 11)

A. consider B. constitute C. suggest

5. The first law states that ... (line 13)

A. suggests B. postulates C. counts

6. ... an object at rest remains at rest ... (line 14)

A. continues B. leaves C. stays

7. ... an object that results from the net force acting upon it (line 17).

A. arises B. derives C. originates

8. ...these mechanical laws in principle permit the determination ... (line 25)

A. take B. define C. allow

9.… their state of motion at some instant ... (line 25)

A. moment B. time C. period

10.... and with certain restrictions, also in quantum mechanics (line 33)

A. peculiarities B. limitations C. Changes

II. Determine the key message of the text. Choose the best alternative (a, b, c, d or e):

A. Symmetry properties play an important role in mechanics.

B. Classical mechanics describes the motion of point like objects using Newton’s laws.

C. Mechanics includes different types of symmetry which are used in many branches of physics.

D. The laws of mechanics allow determining the motion of particles.

E. Mechanics studies the motion of objects, their deformation and is characterized by symmetry properties.

TEST 1

Choose the correct form.

  1. I We always have_____ lunch at one o’clock.

    A

    C a

    B an

    D the

  2. My mother was _____ only person whom I told what had happened.

    A

    C a

    B an

    D the

  3. _____ man under such circumstances is always very helpless.

    A

    C A

    B An

    D The

  4. The news of such a kind _____ very important.

    A is

    C are

    B am

    D has

  5. Let's translate this article _____ Ukrainian.

    A in

    C into

    B at

    D to

  6. Classes are over _____ 3 o'clock.

    A in

    C to

    B at

    D into

  7. We haven’t got _____ milk. Could you buy _____on your way home?

    A some, some

    C any, some

    B some, any

    D any, any

  8. Sue took as _____ books as she could carry herself.

    A much

    C little

    B some

    D many

  9. She promised _____ to behave better next time.

    A their

    C them

    B they

    D theirs

  10. Michael has got _____ English books at home.

    A much

    C a lot of

    B little

    D a lot

  11. When Ted found a new job, he became _____ on his parents.

    A most dependent

    C less dependent

    B the least dependent

    D the more dependent

  12. They say Robert's girl-friend is _____ a picture.

    A as pretty like

    C so pretty as

    B as pretty as

    D more pretty as

  13. The Arctic Ocean is _____ of all.

    A colder

    C the colder

    B coldest

    D the coldest

  14. English is _____ German.

    A as difficult as

    C as difficult like

    B so difficult as

    D more difficult as

  15. He _____ hard on his report every week.

    A has worked

    C works

    B will be working

    D is working

  16. We _____ just _____ this problem with my parents.

    A will have, discussed

    C has, discussed

    B have, discussed

    D had, discussed

  17. All the students of our group _____ the dean’s lecture yesterday.

    A will attend

    C have attended

    B attend

    D attended

  18. Mr. White _____ the lecture in History now.

    A will deliver

    C has delivered

    B is delivering

    D delivers

  19. The documents _____ by yesterday.

    A have been signed

    C had been signed

    B will sign

    D signed

  20. What are you doing? I _____ a novel by Jack London.

    A have read

    C was reading

    B read

    D am reading

  21. It _____ me long to get to the library yesterday.

    A took

    C was taken

    B takes

    D had taken

  22. What club _____ next month?

    A are you going to join

    C you are going to join

    B have you joined

    D you will join

  23. The plane _____ from the Heathrow Airport at eight o’clock tomorrow morning.

    A will leave

    C is leaving

    B will be leaving

    D leaves

  24. 'What happened to the old mail carrier?' 'He _____ to a new neighborhood to work last week.'

    A has sent

    C was sent

    B had been sent

    D sent

  25. What are you accused _____?

    A of

    C for

    B in

    D about

  26. Here is the man who insists _____ your coming.

    A in

    C to

    B at

    D on

  27. You _____ stop when the traffic light is red.

    A can

    C need

    B are able to

    D must

  28. Sorry, I _____ go now. My bus leaves in a few minutes.

    A ought

    C may

    B have to

    D can

  29. _____ I have a look at this report, please?

    A Must

    C Could

    B Need

    D Should

  30. You _____ go to the college immediately. Do you understand me?

    A had to

    C need

    B ought

    D must

  31. If I _____ some spare time, I would have devoted it to reading.

    A had

    C had had

    B have had

    D would have had

  32. I wish it _____ raining. I have to go to the shop.

    A would stop

    C has stopped

    B will stop

    D stopped

  33. They denied _____ the money.

    A being stolen

    C stealing

    B to steal

    D to be stolen

  34. I don't enjoy _____ very much.

    A to drive

    C driving

    B to have driven

    D having driven

  35. I don't want _____ out tonight. I'm too tired.

    A going

    C to have gone

    B to go

    D gone

  36. The boy gave up _____ to escape from the lessons.

    A trying

    C to try

    B being tried

    D to be trying

  37. After _____ the mail, the manager called in the secretary and dictated a few letters.

    A receiving

    C received

    B being received

    D having been received

  38. The books _____ last month have not arrived yet.

    A ordered

    C having ordered

    B ordering

    D having been ordered

  39. The article is not worth _____.

    A being read

    C having read

    B reading

    D having been read

  40. He is looking forward to _____ to America on business.

A sending

C having sent

B being sent

D send

TEST 2

Choose the correct form.

  1. His cousin doesn’t go to _____ school on _____ Sunday.

    A – , –

    C –,a

    B a, –

    D the, –

  2. _____ Dnieper is _____ main river in _____ Ukraine.

    A – , the, –

    C A, a, –

    B The, a, the

    D The, the, –

  3. _____ Parkers won a lottery last week.

    A

    C a

    B an

    D the

  4. My _____ child enjoys playing with his father very much.

    A brother

    C brothers’

    B brother’s

    D brother’

  5. _____ the end of each class our teacher gives us our homework.

    A In

    C From

    B At

    D On

  6. He works _____ morning _____ night.

    A from, till

    C in, at

    B since, to

    D in, after

  7. I haven't got _____ time, but I'll try to help you.

    A much

    C a few

    B many

    D few

  8. He told me _____ about his problems.

    A some

    C nothing

    B anything

    D none

  9. Give me _____ pen, I’ve lost _____ .

    A your, my

    C your, mine

    B yours, me

    D you, my

  10. This suitcase is _____ than that one.

    A heavier

    C more heavy

    B the heaviest

    D as heavy

  11. If he drove_____ , he wouldn’t have so many accidents.

    A more slowly

    C the less slowly

    B the most slowly

    D the slowest

  12. Tom is _____ Kate.

    A taller as

    C the tallest

    B taller than

    D tallest of

  13. We should eat _____ food.

    A the healthy

    C a more healthy

    B most healthy

    D more healthy

  14. I think it’s much _____ than the marmalade.

    A delicious

    C more delicious

    B the most delicious

    D as delicious

  15. This is _____ film I’ve ever seen.

    A the best

    C good

    B a better

    D better

  16. The lesson _____ when I arrived.

    A has already started

    C had already started

    B started

    D had already been started

  17. It was a firm that I _____ of.

    A had never heard

    C will have never heard

    B have never heard

    D never heard

  18. She could not find the book that I _____ her.

    A lend

    C was lent

    B had lent

    D lent

  19. By next year they _____ French for 5 years.

    A will teach

    C has taught

    B will have been teaching

    D are teaching

  20. Many valuable paintings _____ by the fire last evening.

    A are destroyed

    C were destroyed

    B had been destroyed

    D have been destroyed

  21. The new theater _____ in my street now.

    A is building

    C had been built

    B has been built

    D is being built

  22. I can't translate this text because I _____ the words of Lesson Two.

    A haven't known

    C don't know

    B didn't know

    D won't know

  23. Who speaks French in your family? I _____ .

    A am

    C do

    B have

    D speak

  24. We _____ from the University in five years.

    A will graduate

    C have graduated

    B graduated

    D will be graduating

  25. Gold _____ in California in the 19th century.

    A was discovered

    C had discovered

    B has been discovered

    D discovered

  26. Nobody could account _____ his objection to our plan.

    A with

    C for

    B about

    D at

  27. Her son succeeded _____ winning the prize in the competition.

    A at

    C in

    B with

    D about

  28. He _____ get a taxi because I gave him a lift.

    A mustn’t

    C shouldn’t

    B didn’t need to

    D couldn’t

  29. They _____ friends before.

    A must be

    C should be

    B must have been

    D can’t be

  30. If I see Tim, I _____ him his book.

    A would give

    C gave

    B will give

    D give

  31. I wish my room _____ so small.

    A weren’t

    C had been

    B will be

    D isn’t

  32. You _____ better results if you apply this method.

    A will achieve

    C will be achieving

    B achieve

    D would achieve

  33. Why do you keep _____ me questions? Can't you leave me alone?

    A having asked

    C to be asking

    B asked

    D asking

  34. I can't afford _____ out tonight. I haven't got enough money.

    A going

    C to be going

    B to have gone

    D having gone

  35. Has it stopped _____ yet?

    A raining

    C being rained

    B to rain

    D to be rained

  36. Can you remind me _____ some coffee when we go out?

    A buying

    C to have bought

    B to buy

    D having bought

  37. Julia has been ill but now she's beginning _____ better.

    A to get

    C getting

    B got

    D being got

  38. He tried to avoid _____ my questions.

    A answering

    C having answered

    B being answered

    D to answer

  39. Could you please stop _____ so much noise?

    A having made

    C to have made

    B to make

    D making

  40. _____ success and recognition the artist went on working hard.

A Having been achieved

C Having achieved

B Achieved

D Being achieved

GRAMMAR TEST 3

Choose the correct form.

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