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II. Translate the following word combinations.

Each partition, instead of, time-sharing technique, simultaneous interactive users, directly connected, respond quickly, tightly related, computer architecture, distinct phases or generations, to correspond roughly, mechanical switches, plug boards, programming language, assembly languages, punch cards introduction, single-stream batch processing system, to submit data, operation to complete, spooling technique, timesharing systems, simultaneous peripheral operations, high-speed device, running program, low-speed device, microprocessor technology.

III. Make a word combination. Use the verbs given below.

to relate, to evolve, to correspond, to generate, to enter, to switch, to improve, to introduce, to submit, to solve, to respond,to process, to dominate

operating systems _____________________________

tightly to the computer systems___________________

computer architecture___________________________

distinct phases or generations_____________________

the earliest electronic digital computers_____________

primitive machines______________________________

mechanical switches_____________________________

programming languages___________________________

assembly languages______________________________

________________on the large personal computers

________________ in the personal computer

________________to user requests

________________informtion

IV. Make up the sentences and read the text.

1 the first computer/. Charles Babbage/ designed/ in the 1820s.

2. to combine critical elements/ Apple II /applications./was the first microcomputer/ like keyboard, monitor, /operating system, /and desirable and useful

3. for multipurpose/ OSs /evolved from need / computers.

4. had costly memory /OS/2 (Operating System/2) /Version 1.0 introduced in 1987/ was developed by Microsoft and IBM 1.0, / and disk requirements.

5. of Windows/ Windows for Workgroups DOS/ and earlier versions/ had no networking.

6. command/DOS /has a text-mode / line /interface.

7. and multi-user systems./A portable / for mini-computers/ and mainframe computers/ operating system /supports timesharing

8. modeled on UNIX, / Linux, / Linus Benedict Torvalds, / it was written in the C language / was named for original developer,/ and begun in 1991 by Torvalds and others/ as open-source for modern computers;/ using GNU C Compiler (GCC).

V. Ask the questions to the situations.

1. A computer consists of hardware, applications software, and operating system software. The operating system allows the user to interact with the computer hardware.

2. The basic components of a microcomputer are processor, motherboard, memory, video adapter and display, keyboard, pointing device, disk drives, and peripheral devices. You can identify hardware components by a visual inspection, by observing information displayed during the boot up process, and by accessing a ROM BIOS setup program.

3. Certain functions are provided by most, if not all, current operating systems. These functions include a user interface, job management, task management, memory management, file manage-ment, device management, and security. The operating system makes everything work together.

4. You can identify most of the functions provided by your operating system by careful observation. For instance, evidence of support of the security function includes a required logon procedure when you start your computer, and the need for authorization to access resources on your local computer.

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