Vocabulary

EXERCISES

1. То the English words in a) find Russian equivalents in b).

2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following English word combinations from the text:

• market penetration

• solid fuel sector

vital role жизненная роль to foster поощрять, одобрять to aim нацеливать, направлять to equate равнять, уравнивать exploration исследование deployment развертывание

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 15

technical improvements thermal efficiency a vital role in recognition continuing importance thermal performance combustion process conventional power plants net efficiency lower fuel costs are related to indigenous resources research and development strategy would result in gas production and pro­cessing 16) to encourage

b 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11

12

13 14

15 16

to implement выполнять, осуществ­лять

benefits выгоды, экономический эффект

dissemination распространение

признание процесс сгорания теплопроизводительность важная роль

технические усовершенст­вования

растущая важность поощрять

добыча и переработка газа I приведет к

стратегия исследования и разработки

электростанция на традици­онных источниках энергии практический коэффициент полезного действия важная роль более низкие цены на топливо связаны с природные ресурсы

• environmental and thermal performance

• large scale conventional power plants

• net thermal efficiencies

• climate change debate

• theoretical annual cost cutting potential

• offshore production structures

• deep water storage

• natural gas exploration

• natural gas technologies

3. Answer the questions using the information from the text.

1. Why has much attention been paid to the so-called "clean coal technologies"?

2. What thermal efficiencies do most large scale conventional pow­er plants have?

1. What does increased efficiency lead to?

2. What are the most important new technologies in oil and gas sector?

3. What will the project Gate 2020 assess existing and emerging tech­nologies for?

4. Read the paragraphs and draw out their main ideas.

5. Retell the text using the vocabulary from ex. 1 and ex. 2.

6. Express your own opinion about fossil fuels using the following phrases:

in my opinion to start with I believe

to my mind I think the thing is

the fact is as far as I know

Part 2

* Read the texts below to find answers to the given questions.

CO-UTILISATION Co-Utilisation of Gasified Biomass, Refuse and Coal

*• What is the way to reduce emissions of SO_z and CO,?

*•• What did the modification of an existing coal-fired plant in Finland allow?

³-What are the impacts of the innovative technology?

70 Section I. Power Engineering

Despite moves towards greater use of renewable sources to generate power, much of our electricity is still produced from fossil fuel sources, especially coal. One way to reduce emissions of S0₂ and C0₂ is to substitute' some of the coal used by conventional power stations with alternative fuels which produce lesser amounts of gaseous pollutants. This can be technically difficult, but the benefits of success are con­siderable in terms of a cleaner environment and long-term cost-savings ² for the consumer.

The modification of an existing coal-fired plant in Finland allowed 30% of the coal used to be substituted with biomass and refuse-de­rived fuels. Because burning biomass in a conventional power station is difficult and expensive, this has been achieved by installing a gas­ification unit. The gas produced by the gasifier has a very low heat value, especially if a fuel is wet. If, however, this lean gas is mixed with richer gas, produced from coal in the conventional part of the power station, the mixture can be co-combusted, and the need of an expensive fuel dryer is therefore removed. The CFB gasifier at the plant (30 to 70 MW capacity) is complemented by an innovative feed system, which makes it possible to adjust the moisture content of the gas mixture, to ensure optimum combustion conditions in the plant's boiler. The impacts of the innovative technology are al­ready apparent³in a decrease in emissions of C0₂, NO_x, SO_x and particulates. Implementation of similar projects could have a signif­icant impact in the fight against global warming and in making our environment healthier.

1 - заменить; 2 — снижение себестоимости; 3 - очевидный

Cogeneration Scheme with a Partial Oxidation Gas Turbine in Belgium