Вариант 9

1.Прочтите и переведите на русский язык

THE “BEAUTY OF THE WEST”

… I came to the steamboat two hours before it was to start and spent this time examining the ship. It looked like a two-storeyed house about two hundred feet long. It was built of wood and painted white. There was a row of windows along the upper storey and two tall tunnels rose in the centre. The saloon for passengers was a large long room filled with rich furniture – fine tables, sofas, chairs and armchairs.

From the saloon I went to the deck. This was the favorite place for passengers during the trip. There were chairs on the deck where passengers sat talking and gazing at the river. I sat down in one of them and decided to watch the busy life of the landing-place. This especially lively activity on our “Beauty of The West” showed that the ship was ready to sail. Another large boat named the “Magnolia” was also about to start and passengers were hurrying to it, fearing to be late. The boats were so close that their sailors could shout to each other. From what they said I understood that the “Magnolia” and the “Beauty of the West” were rival boats. I soon learned they would start at the same time, and that a “race” was expected…

2.Ответьте на вопросы

1.What were the names of the ships? 2.How does the “Beauty of the West” look like? 3. What do the passengers do on the deck? 4.What did the author learn about the trip?

3.Определите по структуре слова, к какой части речи оно относится и переведите на русский язык.

Composition, freedom, methodist, sportless, careless, sleepless, portable, witness, wonderful, validity, uniform, temperature, transistor, successful, significance, socialist, remarkable, forgetful

4.Составьте все типы вопросов к данному предложению

I came to the steamboat two hours before it started.

5.Переведите следующие сочетания слов на русский язык

His best-known works, rare books, ten feet long, three feet wide, a piece of lemon pie, highly popular, the ancient Kremlin, the great reconstruction, special attention, the numerous recreation parks

6.Подчеркните причастие одной чертой, а герундий – двумя чертами. Переведите на русский язык.

1.What about discussing it now? 2.She is always forgetting something. 3. Forgetting something she always asks us to help. 4. Do you have an opportunity of visiting the exhibition? 5. Those singing children sound very nice.

7.Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод безличных и неопределенно-личных предложений

1.One must put away dishes after eating. 2.It is not late to give her an answer. 3. They say it is not a bad idea. 4. There is much new information in the article. 5.It is hard to catch up with the group.

Вариант 10

1.Прочтите и переведите на русский язык

ONE FRIDAY MORNING

Nancy Lee Johnson was a colored girl. But her classmates seldom thought of her color. She was smart, pretty and brown and fitted in well with the life of the school. She was an excellent student, a good basketball player, sang in a soft velvety voice at school concerts, and everybody was very fond of her.

Nancy Lee’s father was a postman, her mother was a clerk. Both parents had been to Negro colleges in the South. And her mother had also studied at a Northern university. Her parents were, like most Americans, simply ordinary people who had worked hard and steadily for their education. Now they were trying to make it easier for Nancy Lee to achieve learning, than it had been for them. They would be very happy when they learned of the award to their daughter – yet Nancy did not tell them. To surprise them would be better. Besides there had been a promise.

One day, Miss Dietrich, the art teacher, asked Nancy Lee what frame she thought would be best on her picture. That had been the first inkling.

“Blue”, Nancy Lee said. Although the picture was sent to the Artist Club contest a month ago. Nancy Lee could still see her picture clearly – for that picture waiting for the blue frame had come out of her own life. She knew that it was her best water-color, and she was glad she had made something Miss Dietrich liked so well.

2.Ответьте на вопросы

1.Was Nancy a white girl? 2.Where did she study? 3.Describe her portrait. 4.What were her parents?

3.Определите по структуре слова, к какой части речи оно относится и переведите на русский язык.

Typist, association, novelist, soundless, speechless, homeless, understandable, convincible, manhood, formulation, virtue, vibration, unfortunately, technological, special, sensitive, requirement, reflectively

4.Составьте все типы вопросов к данному предложению

She sang in a soft velvety voice at school concerts.

5.Переведите следующие сочетания слов на русский язык

Lecture rooms, modern English, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, mechanical power, refined petrol, a small diameter pipe, the exhaust valve, the radial motion

6.Подчеркните причастие одной чертой, а герундий – двумя чертами. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The woman coming here is our new teacher. 2.They are going by that train. 3.I don’t like reminding him about it. 4. Coming to our place he can meet somebody in the street. 5.He is busy doing the work.

7.Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод безличных и неопределенно-личных предложений

1.It’s useless to argue with him. 2.There are many new items at the exhibition. 3.One should be polite. 4.It is important to follow the instruction. 5. They say it is the best film of the year.

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Материал, который рекомендуется проработать перед выполнением контрольной работы

Лексика уроков	Грамматика
Еда. В ресторане.	Пассивный залог
Моя будущая профессия	Условные предложения
Дом. Типы жилья.	Сослагательное наклонение
Лондон. Москва. Путешествия	Согласование времен
У врача

A CLEAN BOMB

Neutron bombs are small, compact nuclear weapons. The atomic bombs in today’s arsenal kill people and destroy buildings and factories by heat and shock waves.

In a small bomb of one kiloton the effects of the shock wave and heat are much smaller in proportion to those of gamma and neutron radiation. So, a small neutron bomb kills by radiation. Its effect is limited, spreading 3 kilometers from the explosion itself. The explosion will mean that people will be bombarded by neutrons over a large area. Everyone in an area of 12 square kilometers will die from radiation unseen by the eye. A neutron from an atom goes through a living organism destroying everything in its way. A person receiving a heavy dose could die in a few minutes. A person getting just enough radiation to be fatal may not fall ill for 24 hours and can live for a month.

War strategists call the neutron bomb clean and humane only because it does not destroy buildings, machines and factories. It kills only people.

The Pentagon scientists worked on this weapon for more than 15 years. But this secret project became known because war planners are trying to move it from the laboratory and add it to their field arsenal.

The neutron bomb is not an improvement on the known nuclear weapons. It is a new weapon which sharply increases the possibility of a nuclear war. The danger of the neutron bomb lies in the fact that it can be used very easily. The use of the neutron bomb would result in a global nuclear war.

Because of a wide protest movement US President Carter said in April 1977, that he had decided not to make the bomb. But he left open the possibility of using it in the future. In October 1978, he announced that the US would start to make the components needed for the neutron bomb. Peace-loving people all over the world met his decision with demonstrations of protest.

2.Найдите в тексте 8 интернациональных слов и напишите, что они означают в русском языке.

3.Выпишите из текста предложения, поясняющие следующие высказывания:

1. The neutron bomb is a very dangerous weapon.

2. The work on the neutron bomb was kept secret.

3. People all over the world struggle against the new weapon.

4.Образуйте формы страдательного залога следующих глаголов: (to kill – to be killed)

To destroy, to receive, to meet, to increase

Составьте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя эти слова.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов:

Нейтронная радиация, разрушать здания, работали над этим оружием, широкое движение протеста.

6. Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод условных предложений. (укажите тип условного предложения)

1.If you had brought me the book, I would have read it. 2. If he didn’t ring me up, I would not come. 3. If he hadn’t written to me, I wouldn’t have answered him. 4. When I get news I will call you. 5. I wish I had a tie to match my suit.

Вариант 2

1.Прочтите и переведите на русский язык

THE LARGE SPACE TELESCOPE

American astronomers say that a reflector telescope with a mirror 305 centimeters in diameter could be put into orbit in the near future. It need not be as heavy as a telescope of the same kind on earth.

It will do its work automatically but will be visited by groups of men brought into orbit and back by spaceship. It is planned to orbit the Large Space Telescope at heights of between 650 and 1,000 kilometers. With good care, the LST will be in good working order for ten years, and possibly much longer. The telescope will be able to see things one-hundredth as bright as things seen to the biggest reflector telescope on earth. It will have the full electromagnetic spectrum to it. It can study the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the spectrum and notice things never possible before. It will be able to work at all times because bad weather will be no problem. Even the near presence of the sun will not stop it from watching the stars.

It is, of course, impossible to say what the LST may discover. We can be very sure, though, that the Large Space Telescope will help to learn much more about the evolution of the stars than we know now. The LST will keep its eye on distant galaxies, too, galaxies a thousand million and more light-years away in space. It may make it possible for us to get the information we need to choose among the many theories about the Universe. It may help us to learn more about the events of the Universe and about black holes.

It may in this way tell us how the Universe began. We may even learn what came before the beginning and whether there was an earlier end.

2.Найдите в тексте 5 интернациональных слов и напишите, что они означают в русском языке.

3.Выпишите из текста предложения, поясняющие следующие высказывания

1. It will be difficult to get to the telescope.

2. The new telescope will see many more things than a telescope of the same kind on earth.

3. It may help us to learn more about the Universe.

4.Образуйте формы страдательного залога следующих глаголов: (to kill – to be killed)

To launch, to allow, to use, to send

Составьте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя эти слова.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов

В ближайшем будущем, таким образом, все время, мы можем быть уверены

6.Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод условных предложений. (укажите тип условного предложения)

1. If I were you, I would have apologized to you. 2. You wouldn’t have so many accidents if you drove more slowly. 3. If he were in, he would answer the telephone. 4. I will help you if I have time. 5. If you passed your examination, we would have a celebration.

Вариант 3

1.Прочтите и переведите на русский язык

OIL AND GAS FROM COAL

For both political and economic reasons sooner or later many countries will be using coal much more than in the past. Coal is not the ideal fuel because it is not liquid and because it usually burns less cleanly than oil or gas. More than that, coal-driven locomotives and ships have almost disappeared from the scene and coal can hardly serve as a fuel for motor transport.

In the simplest form the conversion of coal into oil or gas is little more than adding hydrogen (H2)to the coal. The hydrogen is taken from water in the form of steam.

It follows that every conversion process must include a gasification step, in which the coal reacts with steam. The aim is not to get gas for use in homes but to make gas. This gas can be changed with more steam to get more of the hydrogen needed to convert coal into oil and hydrocarbon gas. All conversion processes give a combination of hydrocarbon gases, including methane, which can be used instead of natural gas.

The simplest of the four main processes for converting coal into oil is carbonization or heating coal in the absence of air. The heat makes the coal give off gas. Carbonization is done at from atmospheric pressure to 70 atmospheres. Though this process allows to get oil and gas, it is not economically practical for getting oil.

The second conversion process is hydrogenation. In this process coal reacts with hydrogen at high pressure, usually in the presence of a catalyst.

All systems and methods of hydrogenation require high temperature and pressures from 140 to 280 kilograms per square centimeter. A lower pressure and a shorter time for reaction limit the reaction between the coal and the hydrogen and results in heavy fractions. A higher pressure and a longer time for reaction result in higher fractions.

2.Найдите в тексте 6 интернациональных слов и напишите, что они означают в русском языке.

3.Выпишите из текста предложения, поясняющие следующие высказывания

1. Man has used coal as fuel for many years.

2. The conversion of coal into oil or gas is a simple process.

3. There are four main conversion processes.

4. Pressure is important in all the conversion processes.

4.Образуйте формы страдательного залога следующих глаголов: (to kill – to be killed)

To add, to bring, to convert, to give

Составьте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя эти слова.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов

Политические и экономические причины, в виде (форме) пара, вступает в реакцию с паром, атмосферное давление, все системы и методы

6.Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод условных предложений (укажите тип условного предложения)

1. When the work is ready it will be presented at the meeting. 2. What would happen if I pressed the button? 3. I would not have taken your umbrella if I had known that it was the only one you had. 4. If he knew that it were dangerous he would not come. 5. He would have been the best student if he had worked better.

Вариант 4

1.Прочтите и переведите на русский язык

A NEW TYPE OF AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL

This school is situated in the town of Isaul, Moldavia. It stands in a park of more than 50 hectars. More than 800 teachers, laboratory, field and other personnel work there. About a thousand students are trained at school to become specialists in agriculture.

The school is a part of a very large state farm named Moldova State Farm. The farm is very rich. It has large areas under grapes and tobacco. It also produces milk, cheese and other products. Most agricultural processes both in land cultivation and cattle breeding are mechanized.

Education at school is combined with agricultural production and theory is combined with practice. This combining of education with production helps the students to understand better their lectures. The students study in laboratories and classrooms that have electronic equipment and television.

The students are taught the most modern methods used in agriculture today. They are trained for three and a half years and receive 100 roubles a month stipend.

Most of the young people who have finished this or the same type of school of which there are many in Moldavia work on state farms of the Republic.

2.Найдите в тексте 7 интернациональных слов и напишите, что они означают в русском языке.

3.Выпишите из текста предложения, поясняющие следующие высказывания

1. Today young people can get professional training on a farm.

2. Students are trained to use modern equipment.

3. Students are motivated to get agricultural education.

4.Образуйте формы страдательного залога следующих глаголов: (to kill – to be killed)

To change, to finish, to produce, to grow

Составьте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя эти слова.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов

Электронное оборудование, производить молоко и сыр, большинство процессов, стипендия в 100 рублей, государственные фермы

6.Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод условных предложений (укажите тип условного предложения)

1. We would have stayed at home if we had known that he was coming. 2. If you tell me the truth I won’t be angry. 3. If he had eaten less he wouldn’t have become fat. 4. If he had taken my advice he wouldn’t have got into trouble. 5. If she practiced more she would know English better.

Вариант 5

1.Прочтите и переведите на русский язык

ANT SLAVERY

Scientists have always shown interest in the ways in which ants live their short lives. Their behavior is among the most unusual in the animal world. One good example of such behavior, and slavery, was in the focus of attention of American biologists.

No fewer than 35 species of ants use slave labour for their purposes. Almost all of them are soldier or army ants. They have become so specialized as soldiers that they will die of hunger if they had no slaves. They are built to fight, but can’t do simple tasks about the home or get food like worker ants do. Interestingly, worker ants who become slaves to army ants have the same physical characteristics as their masters, but themselves do not take slaves. The only real difference between slaves and slave makers is that slaves are not allowed to have babies.

When army ants make a raid they come out of their ant hill and move quickly to the hill of a slave species. They kill those of the workers who are trying to fight and then take and carry off the pupae of the worker ants. When young ants are born they at once begin to do the tasks for which they are generally programmed.

In the home army ants are inactive. They leave almost all the ordinary work to their slaves. If the slaves are taken away from them they become very active. They try to do the tasks usually carried out by the slaves. They do not do these tasks well but most importantly, the soldiers are unable to get food. When the slave ants are returned, they put the home back in good order. The slave makers go back to their usual idle ways.

But because slave ants are not allowed to have babies the slave makers must get slaves periodically. Their attacks are highly organized exercises in communication. One of the soldiers is some distance from the main group of ants. When he finds an enemy he returns to his comrades to inform them. Not to lose his way, the soldier ant marks it with a special substance its body makes. Finding the main group, he quickly moves down the line touching noses with each of his comrades. In this way an important signal goes from ant to ant. In a minute an attacking army of hundreds is moving towards the enemy.

2.Найдите в тексте 7 интернациональных слов и напишите, что они означают в русском языке.

3.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Why the scientists study the ways of ants? 2. What is the difference between army ants and worker ants? 3. Where do army ants get slaves? 4. What happens when slaves are taken away? 5. What do army ants do when they find an enemy? 6. What facts from the story seem unusual to you?

4.Образуйте формы страдательного залога следующих глаголов: (to kill – to be killed)

To return, to carry, to make, to show

Составьте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя эти слова.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов

Животный мир, пример такого поведения, 35 видов муравьев, умрут от голода, рабочие муравьи, особое вещество

6.Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод условных предложений (укажите тип условного предложения)

1. If we had left before breakfast we would not have missed the train. 2. If he were not so lazy he would get better results. 3. If he saw my father he would stop arguing. 4. When you are free we will go on a picnic. 5. We would send for the doctor if he had a high temperature.

Вариант 6

1.Прочтите и переведите на русский язык

BIORYTHMS IN YOUR LIFE

The biorhythm theory is not fully proved. According to this theory from the very first day a man’s life moves in three cycles: a physical cycle of 23 days, an emotional cycle of 28 days and an intellectual cycle of 33 days. In each cycle, half of the days are plus and half are minus.

In the 23-day physical cycle, the 11 – and – a half plus days are a good time for physical training or for any activity requiring physical strength. During the 11-and-a half minus days, a person feels less strong and active. He easily gets tired on these days. The 28-day emotional cycle lasts almost as long as the lunar month. In the 14 plus days, both men and women feel happy, are understanding and ready to help. On these days their reactions to life situations are mostly positive.

In the 14 minus days they feel unhappy and are not satisfied with life. Their reactions are mostly negative.

During the 16 – and –a half plus days of the intellectual cycle, a person finds it easier to study, write creatively, understand mathematics or do any other intellectual task. You learn easier and remember more of what you learned at this time. In the minus period of 16-and-a half days a person can’t do the same tasks so well. These are days better spent in review or practice.

In all these cycles, the day the cycle changes from plus to minus or from minus to plus is called a critical day. On this critical day in the physical cycle many people get into all kinds of accidents. This tendency is also noticeable on the critical day in the emotional cycle. There is no connection between the critical day in the intellectual cycle and the number of accidents. If it falls on the same day as a critical day of another cycle, the chances of an accident are greater.

The day your cycle changes from plus to minus or from minus to plus is critical because you are not up or down, but in a short period between two cycles. On such days people are hurt in many ways.

2.Найдите в тексте 7 интернациональных слов и напишите, что они означают в русском языке.

3.Ответьте на вопросы:

1.What are the cycles of a man’s life according to the biorhythm theory? 2.When does a person easily get tired? 3.What time is especially good for study? 4.What is a critical day? 5.What specialists can use this theory in their work?

4.Образуйте формы страдательного залога следующих глаголов: (to kill – to be killed)

To do, to spend, to create, to prove

Составьте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя эти слова.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов

Интеллектуальный цикл, эмоциональный цикл, благоприятные дни, неблагоприятные дни, эта тенденция

6.Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод условных предложений (укажите тип условного предложения)

1. I will not trust you any more if you tell me lies again. 2. They could would have saved her if they had come earlier. 3. You would look better if you took care of yourself. 4. I would buy the dress if I were you. 5. He would bring the book if he read it.