Lecture 9

Nitrogenous compounds oil. Variety of nitrogenous compounds, their brief characteristics. Qualitative and quantitative determination of nitrogen in petroleum and petroleum products. Effect of nitrogen compounds on the properties of oil.

Plan of the lecture

1. Types of nitrogenous compounds oil

2. The contents of nitrogen compounds in petroleum and petroleum

3. The effect of nitrogen compounds on the properties of petroleum

1. As with other heterogeneous compounds, nitrogen compounds in oil are mainly associated with resinous components and therefore there is a clear parallelism between the nitrogen content in the oil and its density, which depends largely on the amount of resin. In connection with this dependence is also noted drop in nitrogen with increasing age of oil, or the degree of its transformation.

The nitrogen content in petroleum fractions with increasing, boiling fractions both absolutely and relatively. Obviously, nitrogen compounds contained in the oil some macromolecular compounds, are partially destroyed during the distillation. In the primary form of nitrogen compounds may not be the main character and acquire it only as a result of the collapse of the high-molecular compounds are released simpler forms that already have the main character.

Nitrogen compounds are best recovered as salts when treated with a mixture of sulfuric acid and an alcohol at content in acid monohydrate and 40% at a temperature of about 50°C. Such relatively weak acid substantially does not react with other components of the oil.

Nitrogenous compound compared with oxygen, and sulfur contained in the oil in much smaller quantities. Like other oil heteroatomic compounds, they are unevenly distributed across the fractions, and usually more than half of them are concentrated in the asphaltene-resinous portion.

Nature nitrogenous basic compound was elucidated long ago. This mainly homologs are pyridine, quinoline, hydroxyquinoline and gidropiridina. Nitrogenous base oil can form chloroplatinate, whose analysis of platinum, carbon, hydrogen and chlorine allows govo¬rit specifically about the nature of the nitrogenous bases.

The chemical properties of nitrogen compounds are classified into clear oil nitrogenous bases which are relatively easily separated from the oil acids, and nitrogen-containing neutral compounds, isolation and identification of which is very difficult.

2. Distribution of nitrogen compounds in its oil fractions, as already mentioned, is uneven. It is known that practically no gasolines contain nitrogen or contain only trace. Most of the nitrogenous bases are concentrated in diesel and gas oil fraction wide. Bestuzhev was given the distribution of types of nitrogenous compounds fractions vilmington oil.

The bulk of the nitrogen compounds are concentrated in the heavy residue after removal of distillate fractions, distilled to 500°C. The bulk of the residual nitrogenous compounds comprise derivatives of pyrrole, and carbazole. Neutral nitrogen compounds and nitrogenous bases have about one third of the total nitrogen contained in the residue.

3. All the nitrogen-containing compounds are thermally stable and do not have a noticeable effect on the performance characteristics of petroleum products.

The control questions

1. Main types of nitrogenous compounds in oil

2. Distribution of nitrogen compounds in petroleum products

3. What are the representatives of neutral nitrogen compounds?