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7.Open the brackets. Use the structure there is…, there are…

  1. In isolated forest areas, (there be) forest rangers on the look out for fires.

  2. Forest fires (to be) a great danger, especially in the summer when (there be) long periods without rain.

  3. There be) always some men on duty in fire station. The fire trucks always (to be ready) to go.

8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

Fire worship (to be) an ancient religious practice (to base) on the idea that fire (to be) sacred. Since early times, people (to worship) fire because it (to destroy, (to purify), and (to give) heat and light. Some people (to believe) a god or spirit (to inhabit) fire. The Parsis of India and other followers of religion (to call) Zoroastrianism (to use) fire as a divine symbol. The ancient Greeks and Romans (to consider) fire one of the major elements that (to make up) the world. Today, many people (to build) bonfires on various occasions. This practice probably (to develop) from the ancient tradition of fire worship.

SPEAKING

1. Are the following statements true or false? Correct or prove the statements. Begin with:

I’m afraid that’s wrong; that’s not quite so; as far as I now; I think you are mistaken; on the contrary; according to the text:

  1. Oxidation does not take place when oxygen unites with other substances.

  2. Oxygen from the air may slowly unite with the fuel.

  3. An explosion is really a slow increase in volume, caused by rapid burning.

  4. Spontaneous combustion causes many fires.

  5. We do not call process of oxidation burning.

6) When oxygen unites with iron, iron begins to melt.

2. Discuss the following questions together:

  1. What do you know about fire?

  2. What do you need to kindle a fire?

  3. How old were you when you were able to kindle a fire?

  4. Do all substances burn in the same manner?

  5. What type of burning can be called spontaneous combustion?

Checking tasks

1. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box.

Capital Spontaneous First Man Hot

Similar Important Early Two Dry

Burning Household Large step All

Human Special Great High Local

Sacred Certain Painful Each Spirit

Early Man and Fire

Peking man, who lived about 250,000 years ago, is thought to be the (…) human able to start and control fire. Being able to make and use fire was his first (…) toward civilization.

(…) man saw fire start when lightning hit a tree. Perhaps he also saw coal or the peat in marshes burn from (…) ignition. He saw fire spread and destroy (…) areas of grass, brush, and timber. He was frightened to see (…) beings and animals die in the heat and flames. But he enjoyed the warmth of a fire and soon learned that fire could be used.

After this, for hundreds of thousands of years, man carried (…) coals and (…) em­bers as he and his family moved from place to place. He learned that fire could make him warm and could make food taste better. He also learned that it could give him a (…) burn. In time, he learned that a spark could start a fire in (…) leaves and grass. He discovered, probably by accident, that (…) stones strik­ing together could make the sparks to start a fire.

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