Vocabulary practice

1.Fill in the gaps with nouns given in the box.

Fire and Civilization

fire, food, weapon, candle, light, water, iron, cold, steel, winter, night, animal

The use of (…) improved early man life in many ways. Cooking made his (…) food more tasty. He could improve his wooden (…) and tool by hardening their points over a flame. Camp-fires could frighten away wild (…).

Fire protected man from the (…). In coldest (…), man could stay warm in heated shelter.

Man also learned to use fire to make (…). Man first made (…) in fire.

Soon man learned that (…) could be boiled and that food could be cooked in boiling (…).

Fire also gave (…). Primitive man gathered around fires at (…). Then he learned to make (…), and later lamps that burned kerosene, whale oil, or other fuels.

2. Read the article about the meanings of the word fire. Do exercises after it.

Багатозначність слова fire і його переклад українською мовою f i r e : 1) Вогонь, полум'я: ~ endurance – вогнестійкість, ~ point - температура загоряння, to catch ~ - загорятися; 2) Топка, піч: electric ~ - електрична піч; 2. Пожежа: forest fire - лісова ~; 3. Жар, лихоманка: St. Anthonys ~ - лихоманка Антонова (рожисте запалення);4. Пил, жвавість, запалення: sacred ~ натхнення; 5. Військовий, гарматний вогонь Running ~ - побіжний вогонь; 6. Блиск, сяйво: ~ of diamond - сяйво діаманта. У пожежно-технічній термінології існують слова з коренем <fire> з різними значеннями: вогонь: Fireproof - вогнестійкий Firebrick - вогнестійка цегла пожежний; той, що використовується на пожежі: Fire boat - пожежний човен Fire brigade - пожежна команда протипожежний: Fire alarm installiation - протипожежна сигналізація

A) Sort out the words into three groups according to their meaning:

fireguard, firescreen, fire escape, fire-fighter, fire-hook, fire hose, fire-hazardous, fire-extinguisher, firestorm, firerisk, fire-resistance, fire-hydrant, fireman, fire-protective, fire-break.

3. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the brackets.

Fire was put to use by all (early, first, old) peoples. Many peoples worshiped fire. All thought that it was (sacred, saint), a gift from the gods. Most peoples had (myths, stories, news) that told how the gods gave fire to man.

Many myths speak of the striking of (iron, steel, coal) against stone to make fire. The Scandinavians believed that Thor, the god of thunder, struck a hammer against a piece of (flint, paper, flame). Another story is that Hermes, the god of the Lapps, hit his own head with a hammer to produce (sparks, drops, snowflakes).

The story of Prometheus, the Greek (hero, champion, rescuer) tells of his going to the home of the gods on Mount Olympus. He returned with a spark of fire hidden in his staff.