Сontents

1. Introduction

2. Geographical location

3. Brief history

4. Economic

5. Population and language

6. Symbols

7. The country's role in globalization

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Geographical location

USA is located on the continent of North America. The country is divided into three parts: continental is located in the center of the continent, Alaska and Hawaii. The geographical position of the USA: East by the Atlantic ocean, to the South waters of the Caribbean sea, more precisely, its waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The Pacific coast of the country is bordered on the West and South-West. The Arctic ocean washes the Alaska Peninsula from the North and North-West. The Hawaiian Islands are located at a distance of about 4000 circuit km from the mainland in the Pacific ocean. On attalah the Hawaiian Islands are the world's highest active volcanoes. The geographical position of the USA, it is rather advantageous natural conditions varied and mostly favorable for life, natural resources are also rich and varied. There is access to three oceans that has a positive effect on transport and economic ties with other countries. Western U.S. territory is occupied by mountain system of the Cordillera. They are represented by long mountain ranges, separated by plateaus and valleys. Rocky mountains are the longest mountain chain. The highest point of this chain is mount Elbert, the height of 4,399 km And the highest point in the continental territory is mount Whitney (4.421 km). The highest point of the entire country is located in Alaska. This is mount McKinley, its height is 6. 193 km. Typical for this region, water scarcity, because groundwater resources severely depleted. In the Great basin, Columbia plateau and the Colorado plateau, are steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. The Eastern area is flat and wet, it varies from 500 to 2000 mm of annual rainfall. The entire Central part is flat, with a temperate and subtropical climate. The Hawaiian Islands and the South Florida area has a tropical climate, and Alaska is subarctic and temperate. The geographical position of the USA affects soil-vegetation zones, they as well as the topography and climate change in the meridional direction. North-East is occupied by mixed forests, located on sod-podzolic soils. The area of broad-leaved forests on krasnozems and jeltsema is located to the South. And the South-East is a region of subtropical pine forests. For South Florida characteristic of tropical forest and mangroves. Central and great plains are located on fertile soils. These areas are mainly under arable land and pastures. For the Cordillera, as for all the high mountains, is characterized by a pronounced vertical zonation. Coniferous mountain forests gradually give way to Alpine meadows. Sometimes in these forests occurs Sequoia. Alaska is dominated by tundra and forest-tundra in the South - taiga.

Brief history

Although the United States as an independent state was formed relatively recently, as a result of the declaration of independence in 1776, this area was a long prehistory. It is believed that its original inhabitants arrived in America from Asia for thousands of years in the period from 15 to 50 thousand. Years ago, when the site of the modern Bering Strait land existed that connected the two continents. Reliable evidence of their presence in the United States obtained through the findings of artifacts whose age is about 14 thousand. Years. In 1492, the existence of America became known in medieval Europe after Christopher Columbus visited the islands of the West Indies, and during his second voyage in 1493 personally landed on the island of Puerto Rico, is now owned by the United States. In 1498 voyage to the shores of modern New England made the first British explorer John Cabot, and in 1513 the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon reached Florida. With the arrival of the Europeans began colonial history of America. At the dawn of independence the US consisted only of the thirteen states that have formed from the British colonies. After independence, they had to fight twice with Great Britain in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 .. According to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States, but before the end of the Second Anglo-American War in 1815 still continued to support allied Indian tribes, resisted the US Army. Immediately after the War of Independence of the United States began its expansion to the west, supports the belief in Manifest destiny of Americans, according to which God predestined to exist in America, they state on the territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The main territory of the United States was formed in 1912, when they formed the mainland last state of Arizona. By this time, the state of Alaska and Hawaii also have belonged to the USA, but the status of the states were admitted into the Union in 1959. The basis of the US Constitution is the text approved in 1788, which included the US Declaration of Independence. The supreme authority supporting the constitutional right in the United States, is the Supreme Court. US remained the country where racial segregation prevailed. After the Civil War, the US experienced rapid economic growth, the rise in living standards and the era of progressivism. It ended in 1929, the advent of the era of the Great Depression. Measures taken by the Government, supported by citizens who have suffered during the economic decline, which was a new stage in the creation of the welfare state in the United States. Recovery of the US economy contributed to the military orders of the government, which have increased dramatically since the beginning of the Second World War, and then the Cold War, which led to the transformation of the US into a world superpower.