Theme of the lecture №2. Enterprise as object of managing

1. Entrepreneurship: essence, types, principals. Peculiarities of the entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan

2. Types and forms of entrepreneurship

3. Characteristics, objectives and functions of the company

4. Types of enterprise

1.Entrepreneurship is an important feature of a market, as an important condition of a transfer to market is the formation of the subjects of the market relations, in the role of which are business owners. Without them the market is impossible as well as the entrepreneurship is impossible without the market. Entrepreneurship has a very huge notion; it includes the sum total of economic, juridical, political and historical relations. The notion “entrepreneurship” was firstly included into the scientific lexis by the English economist P. Kantilion (17-18 c.) He saw the entrepreneurship as a special economic function, the main feature of which is risk. On his point of view the businessman can foresee, aims to get the income, but he is also ready for damages. The peculiarities of the entrepreneurship development in Kazakhstan are shown in the Law of Kazakhstan “About entrepreneurship”, that came into force on 17.07.2009. The following principals can be named:

1. Free choice of the activity, own formation of programs, choice of suppliers and consumers;

2. Free employing of workers;

3. Usage of all economic recourses, that are not forbidden by the law;

4. Free usage of the got income, that is left after paying all the taxes;

5. Independent external economic activity.

The subjects of entrepreneurship can be the citizens that are not restricted in legal capacity and also the juridical persons of all forms of property. Servicemen, workers of court, public prosecutors offices, internal affairs, state arbitrage, people that had conviction for the stealing, bribes can’t lead the entrepreneurship.

2.Depending on the form of owning, there are such forms of entrepreneurship: individual, partnerships: complete partnership, mixed, LTD, join-stock company, state entrepreneurship. Individual entrepreneurship is based on the individual or the family property of the entrepreneur. Its peculiarity is that there is no difference between own capital and the capital that is used for the private needs, in other words the responsibility is spread on the whole property. Individual entrepreneurship has 2 forms: individual work activity and individual private company. Individual work activity is based on the work of the entrepreneur   and his family members.

Partnerships are based on the incorporation of the property of different owners. The received by the partnership income after paid taxes is spreaded among the members of the partnership. The decisions in the partnership are taken by the majority of the members and the quantity of the votes of the members is in direct proportion   to their share. As a rule partnership are closed companies, and the transmission of the shares to other owner is made only after agreement of the majority of members. Usually partnerships are not big by the quantity and all the members take part in its work.

3.In the conditions of the market relations the main part of the economy is the enterprise, as on those enterprises the needed for society production is manufactured, the questions of the effective usage of the economic resources are solved.

An enterprise is an independent subject, which is created by the entrepreneur or by the unit of entrepreneurs for the manufacturing of the production and getting income.

The aims of the enterprise: provision the market with the goods and services, the getting of the income, providing of the high level of the profitability, the rising of the stability of the enterprise.

4.On the base of the variety of the forms of property state collective, private enterprises also enterprises based on the common and mixed forms of property work.

Organizational – economic forms of the enterprise units are: combine aggregation, syndicate, trust, and economic association.

State enterprises are based on the state property. The enterprising functions are carried out by the directors that work on behalf of the state owner. The main difference between the state enterprise and the private one is that the aim of the first is not only getting the income, it can also have social-economic aims as regulation of the competitiveness of the economy, maintenance of the employment and others.

The state communal enterprise is based on the property of the administrative district. They are made for the solving of the urgent social-economic problems of the territory.

Basic literature: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.

Additional literature: 10,11,12,13,14,15,16.

Periodicals: 17-60

Internet sources and the optional list of electronic sources: 1-6