Revision

1. Change the sentences from active to passive. Include the "by-phrase" only if necessary.

1. Bob Smith built that house. That house was built by Bob Smith.

2. Someone built this house in 1904. This house was built in 1904. (by someone = unnecessary)

3. People grow rice in India. 4. People speak Spanish in Venezuela. 5. Do people speak Spanish in Peru? 6. Alexan-der Graham Bell invented the telephone. 7. When did someone invent the wheel? 8. Someone serves beer and wine at that restaurant. 9. My uncle will meet you at the airport. 10. The president has cancelled the meeting. 11. A special committee is going to settle the dispute. 12. Someone will list my name in the new telephone directory. 13. When I was living in Kuwait, my neighbour taught me Arabic. 14. The real estate office will send you a copy of the sales contract. 15. So­meone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen.16. Translators have translated that book into many languages. 17. So­meone had already sold the chair by the time you returned to the store. 18. They are repairing my piano at the moment.19. Nobody told me that George was ill. 20. They didn't look after the children properly. 21. They threw him out. 22. They took down the notice. 23. People often take him for his brother. 24. This college is already full. We are turning away students the whole time. 25. The crowd shouted him down. 26. You are to leave this here. Someone will call for it later on. 27. They sent for the doctor immediately. 28. People always laugh at him. 29. He is a good specialist. Everybody speaks highly of him. 30. The students always listen attentively to this lecturer. 31. We didn't hear of her for some time. 32. Nobody paid any attention to his behaviour. 33. I hope they will approve of my work. 34. The children took great care of the dog. 35. They never refer to this book. 36. Women clean this office in the evening after the staff have left; they clean the upstairs offices between seven and eight in the morning. 37. We serve hot meals till 10.30, and guests can order coffee and sandwiches up to 11.30. 38. The guests ate all the sandwiches and drank all the beer. They left nothing. 39. Has anyone posted my parcel? 40. Why did no one inform me of the change of plan? 41. I'm afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more. 42. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month. 43. Who wrote it? 44. He expected us to offer him a job. 45. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 46. The lawyer gave him the details of his uncle's will. 47. Students are doing a lot of work. 48. They will wear evening dress. 49. They suddenly realised that someone was following them. 50. When we got to the airport, we heard that they had cancelled all the flights. 51. When are they going to finish the new ring road? 52. People must not leave bicycles in the hall. 53. Members may keep the books for three weeks. After that they must return them. 54. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it. 55. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information. 56. You can't wash this dress; you must dry-clean it. 57. Passengers shouldn't throw away their tickets as inspectors may check these during the journey. 58. You must keep dogs on leads in the garden. 59. Visitors must leave umbrellas in the cloakroom. 60. We can't repair your clock. 61. We have to pick the fruit very early in the morning; otherwise we can't deliver it to the market in time. 62. The police shouldn't allow people to park there. 63. You mustn't move this man; he is too ill. You'll have to leave him here. 64. We had to give the books back; they did not allow us to take them home. 65. You shouldn't leave these documents on the desk. You should lock them up. 66. You will have to finish this work by Friday. 67. Good news! They may offer me a job soon. 68. People cannot control the weather. 69. Someone ought to repair this broken window. 70. People can pick tomatoes before they are completely ripe. 71. You shouldn't put bananas in the freezer. 72. You ought to tell him the news immediately.

2. Supply the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. There isn't any food left. All of it (eat)! 2. I couldn't wear my suit last Saturday. It (clean). 3. We didn't go to the party on Saturday because we (not/invite). 4. Wine (produce) in many parts of France. 5. I can't find my car any-where. I think it (steal). 6. By the time I arrived at the concert hall, there were no tickets left. They (all/sell). 7. How many languages (speak) in Switzerland? 8. The Tower of London (build) at the beginning of the eleventh century. 9. "What's going on in the hall?" "The windows (wash)". 10. Our house (break into) last week. 11. We couldn't use the photocopier yesterday morning. It (repair). 12. When (television/ invent)? 13. A compass (use) for showing direc-tion. 14. A test (give) in the next room right now. 15. The documents (type) by the time you return. 16. Millions of cars (export) from Japan every month. 17. I think Ann (invite) to the party tomorrow. 18. I (frighten) to death when I drove through Paris last month. 19. His car (damage) in an accident last month. 20. "What's happened?" "The window (break)." 21. "Can I take the documents?" "I'm afraid not. They (not/type) yet." 22. By this time tomorrow, the announcement (make). 23. The new highway (complete) next month. 24. Maria is happy. She (offer) a good job

25. Tony (bear) in Rome. Where (you/bear)? 26. There are a lot of students in the hall. A new film (show). 27. Fred is pleased. He (pay) five hundred dollars in consulting fees. 28. The librarian said that the book (return) to the library some days before. 29. The news (announce) tomorrow. 30. You (send) a bill at the end of the month.

3. Use active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in brackets.

1. A valuable painting (steal) from the Central Art Gallery late last night. The thieves (enter) the gallery through a small upstairs window. 2. Walt Disney (creat) the cartoon character Mickey Mouse. 3. This problem (discuss) at the last meeting. 4. In 1964 Martin Luther King (win) the Nobel Prize. In 1968 he (assassinate) in Memphis, Tennessee. 5. The president (arrive) in Rome yesterday afternoon. Later he (interview) on Italian TV. 6. Teachers (give) a new pay rise by the government. The news (announce) earlier today. 7. These photos (take) by my sister. 8. The game (win/probably) by the other team tomorrow. They're a lot better than we are. 9. There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday. Dozens of people (see) it, including my friend, who (interview) by the police. 10. In my country, certain prices (control) by the government, such as the prices of medical supplies. However, other prices (determine) by how much people are willing to pay for a product. 11. Yesterday the wind (blow) my hat off my head. I had to chase it down the street. I (want, not) to lose it because it's my favourite hat and it (cost) a lot. 12. Right now Alex is in the hospital. He (treat) for a bad burn on his hand and arm. 13. Yesterday a purse-snatcher (catch) by a dog. While the thief (chase) by the police, he (jump) over a fence into someone's yard, where he met a dog. The dog (keep) the thief from escaping. 14. The first fish (appear) on the earth about 500 million years ago. Up to now, over 20,000 kinds of fish (name) and (describe) by scientists. New species (discover) every year, so the total increases continually. 15. The morning paper (read) by over 200,000 people every day. 16. Last night my favourite program (interrupt) by a special news bulletin. 17. That's not my coat. It (belong) to Louise. 18. Our mail (deliver) before noon every day. 19. The "b" in "comb" (pronounce, not). It is silent. 20. A bad accident (happen) on Highway 95 last night. 21. When I (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I (meet) by my cousin and a couple of her friends. 22. Yesterday I (hear) about Margaret's divorce. I (surprise) by the news. Janice (shock). 23. A new house (build) next to ours next year.

4. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Об этом фильме много говорят. Я думаю, что его стоит по­смотреть. 2. Он очень сердит. С ним никогда так не разговари­вали. 3. Вам не придется ждать. Ваш заказ будет уже упакован, когда вы придете. 4. Роман написан мо­лодым талантливым автором. 5. Не говори таких вещей. Над тобой будут смеяться. 6. Когда пришел директор, все было го­тово: документы были проверены и письма были напечатаны. 7. Эту модель необходимо сделать более надежной. 8. Он квалифицированный врач. О нем хорошо отзываются. 9. Мож­но взглянуть на документы? — Их все еще печатают 10. Де­тей поведут в театр в воскресенье. 11. Этот завод еще стро­ился, когда я приехал в Минск. 12. Эта картина нарисована неизвестным художником. 13. К вечеру работа была законче­на. 14. Поторопись. Тебя ждут 15. Где будет построена новая библиотека? 16. Что производится на этой фабрике? 17. Пись­мо не может быть отправлено сегодня, так как оно еще не под­писано директором. 18. По контракту транспортные средства должны быть предоставлены продавцом. 19. Его прервал шум в коридоре. 20. Когда первый французский пресс был приобретен вашей компанией? 21. Оплата должна производиться вовремя. 22. Этот вопрос сегодня обсу­ждаться не будет. 23. Я не хочу показывать вам свою статью, пока она не будет закончена. 24. Как только журналы будут получены, мы покажем их вам. 25. Какой вопрос обсуждался на собрании, когда вы пришли? 26. К сожалению, ничего не было сделано, чтобы помочь ему закончить работу. 27. Доку­менты уже подписаны? — Нет еще. 28. Этот тип оборудования никогда не импортировался в нашу страну. 29. Интересная проблема обсуждается сейчас в клубе. 30. Она счастлива. Ей предложили интересную рабо­ту. 31. На ярмарках часто организуются беспроигрышные лотереи. 32. Школу построят к началу учебного года. 33. Газеты и письма доставляются рано утром. 34. Он сказал, что работа будет завершена в срок, если будут получены все необходимые сведения. 35. Мне были даны все необходимые указания. 36. Меня попросили прийти немного позже, потому что мое заявление все еще рассматривалось. 37. В этом году ассортимент экспонатов будет значительно расширен. 38. К окончанию переговоров по этому вопросу был достигнут большой прогресс. 39. Большой интерес был проявлен к этой модели со стороны посетителей. 40. Г-н Блэк сказал, что за последние годы в области последние годы в области машиностроения был достигнут большой прогресс.

Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.

A. HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES ?

Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker. When he (die) recently, he (give) a magnificent funeral which (attend) by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) in Westminster Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) the streets to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) by six black horses. The mourners (follow) in silence. Lord Manners (give) a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd. They (watch) the procession with amazement. As solemn music (could hear) in the distance, one of them (turn) to the other and (whisper) in admiration, 'Now that's what I call really living!'

B. FISHY TALES

Mermaids (see) by sailors for centuries. The basis of all mermaid myths (suppose) to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus! Mermaids used (to show) in funfairs until recently.

It all began in 1817 when a 'mermaid' (buy) for $6,000 by a sailor in the South Pacific. She (eventually sell) to the great circus owner Barnum. She (exhibit) in 1842 as 'The Feejee Mermaid'. It (say) that she earned Barnum $1,000 a week! The thousands who saw this mermaid (must disappoint). She (cleverly make) by a Japanese fisherman. A monkey's head (delicately sew) to the tail of a large salmon. The job (so skilfully do) that the join between the fish and the monkey was invisible. Real imagination (must require) to see this revolting creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair!

Put in When?, Where?, Which?, Who? or Whose?.

WHO DID WHAT AND WHEN?

What we believe depends on our view of the world. For example, if we

ask, " ….. was America discovered?', most of us would think of

Christopher Columbus in 1492. But Chinese children learn that Hui

Shen, a Buddhist monk, got to America 1000 years earlier than

Columbus. ............... was printing invented by and ....................

year was it invented? You immediately think of Gutenberg in 1436, but

Chinese children learn that it was invented by Bi Shen in 1041.

.............. invention is spaghetti? It's the invention of the Italians, you

will say. Wrong again. The Chinese had it before them. ....................

and ............... was the compass invented? Answer: in China in 200

B.C. ............... was silk-making invented? Not in Persia, as you

might think, but in China. ................ was the first country to put a

man into space and ................ was he? The Soviet Union, you will

say and the man's name was Yuri Gagarin. But according to the

Chinese, Wan Hu made an attempt long before Yuri. ............... do

you think? - In A.D. 1500! He sat in a chair attached to 47 rockets,

holding a giant kite which would help him return to earth. He never came back!

32a Underline all the passives.

Acid rain is caused by burning coal or oil. When either fuel is burned, it releases poisonous gases which are carried up into the atmosphere and sometimes transported long distances.

Over 3,000 research projects have been carried out to look into acid rain, and a decision to tackle the problem has been taken in most of the western European countries. Measures have been taken in Scandinavia and in Central Europe to stop the pollution before it is dumped on the environment, and a diplomatic campaign has been launched to convince other countries that the problem has to be considered as a major ecological threat.

‘Five years ago this issue was not being treated seriously,’ says one leading environmental group, ‘but now that damage has been reported in large areas of forest and lakeland, our politicians are being forced to take action. This problem must be solved quickly: if governments do nothing, they will be faced in two or three years’ time with the accusation that they have allowed our forests to die.’ A major international initiative to combat acid rain is expected in the near future.

4 We check every car engine thoroughly.

5 We export this computer to seventy different countries.

6 They have cancelled the meeting.

7 We opened the factory at nine o’clock.

8 They send two million books to America every year.

9 We have invited all the students in the school.

10 We have told him not to be late again.

11 They posted all the letters yesterday.

12 The machine wraps the bread automatically.

13 They paid me a lot of money to do the job.

14 Fortunately, they didn’t damage the machinery.

15 We send the newspapers to Scotland by train.

5 You must clean this machine every time you use it.

This machine

6 You should keep the flowers in a warm sunny place.

The flowers

7 They’re mending your shoes at the moment.

Your shoes

8 Someone will drive your car to Edinburgh on Tuesday.

Your car

9 We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.

Smoking

10 You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.

Your bill

11 I have told the children about the party.

The children

12 About thirty million people are watching this programme.

This programme

13 We expect students not to talk during the examination. Students

14 You mustn’t touch this button while the experiment is in progress. This button

15 Someone will blow a whistle if there is an emergency. A whistle

16 Someone was carrying the bomb to a safe place when it exploded. The bomb

17 Someone’s moved my chair!

My chair

18 The police are questioning Mr and Mrs Davidson.

Mr and Mrs Davidson

19 Someone checks the water level every week.

The water level

20 We invited two hundred people to the wedding.

Two hundred people

23b In your notebook, rewrite the following texts, putting the underlined verbs into the passive and making any other changes that are necessary. Use by + agent where appropriate.

1 The company is sorry to announce that the situation has forced it to introduce a range of cost-cutting measures as from the beginning of the new year. Unfortunately, we can no longer provide free tea and coffee. Someone is going to install new coin-operated drinks machines in every department and you can purchase a wide range of drinks from these. We will also stop overtime payments after the end of this month and we will expect all members of staff to complete their duties within their contract hours. You must no longer make personal calls from office phones and we request you to use the pay phone in the basement for this purpose,

2 Fire almost completely destroyed the Royal Hotel last night. By the time someone called the Fire Brigade, the hotel was already blazing. Ambulances took fifteen people to hospital suffering from severe bums. They say. that seven of them are in a serious condition. People think that a discarded cigarette started the fire.

Example:

The Royal Hotel was almost completely destroyed by fire last night. &y the time the Fire Brigade was/were called, ...

3 Jane is talking to her friend Greg about her holiday.

G: So, how was the holiday?

J: Oh, it was fantastic. They organized everything so well. As soon as we arrived at the airport, our courier met us and took us to the hotel.

Someone had cleaned all the rooms beautifully and nut fresh flowers on the tables.

G: Oh, how lovely. And what about the food?

J: It was excellent. They freshly prepared it all in the hotel and they even made the bread in the hotel kitchen. They served the bread rolls hot every morning with breakfast.

G: Mm, it does sound good. I must say, I’d like someone to cook my meals for me for a couple of weeks. And what about the surrounding area? Was that nice?

J: Oh beautiful. There were trips every day and they showed us all the local sights. There was so much history to see. You’d love it there, honestly.

- Some of the verbs should be m the passive and some in the active. Write the answers in the spaces provided below the text.

More cars and lorries 1 (drive) on our

roads every year and, sadly, as a result

of this, more and more wild animals 2

(kill) by vehicles. Roads often 3

(cross) the routes that4 (take) by

animals when they are migrating,

breeding or feeding.

Every spring, many thousands of toads

5 (kill) as they 6 (make) their way to the traditional breeding

ponds. All over the world, animals are victims of the road and their

dead remains can 7 (often see) lying on the roadside. Many badgers

and hedgehogs 8 (hit) by cars at night as they 9 (move around)

in search of food. Rabbits sometimes seem to 10 (hypnotize) by the

headlights of cars and n (not move] quickly out of the way. Birds

12 (sometimes hit) too as they 13 (fly) low over roads.

14 (can anything do) to protect these animals from the dangers of

the road? Well, in 1969, a toad tunnel 15 (build) in Switzerland and

was a great success. Since then, other tunnels 16 (construct)

elsewhere in Europe, not just for toads but for badgers and

salamanders too. In Florida, where the rare Florida panther 17 (live),

panther tunnels 18 (build) under the highway and fencing 19 (put

up) beside the highway to guide the animals safely into these

underpasses. Road signs warning drivers to 20 (look out) for

particular animals 21 (often see) in the US and it is to 22 (hope)

that they 23 (become) a more common sight on the roads of Europe.

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