- •Topic 1 main units and notions of grammar
- •Main notions of grammar
- •Grammatical category
- •Topic 2 Parts of speech
- •One criterion classifications
- •Notional and functional words
- •The category of Number discreteness non-discreteness
- •I will have to go there – no modal meaning analytical form (l.S.Barkhudarov) but
- •Is it a tense form?
- •Topic 3
- •Verbal categories denoting time and character of the action
- •Summing up
- •Topic 4 the categories of voice and mood
- •Topic 5 main uniys of syntax
- •Means of expressing syntactic relations
- •Summed up classification criteria:
- •Sentence types and classification criteria:
- •Vf direct obj.
- •Topic 6 structural models of syntactic analysis
- •Types of distribution
- •Old men and children often stay alone
- •Types of transformations
- •Elements of the situation and members of the proposition
- •Topic 7 units larger than clause
Topic 1 main units and notions of grammar
GRAMMAR
as a phenomenon – … [object of study]
as a linguistic discipline – … [ type of describing \ interpreting the phenomenon]
as a university course – … [‘subject’ to learn]
SUBSYSTEMS Disciplines
PHONETICS – …
LEXICON / VOCABULARY – …
G R A M M A R – …
Grammar
??? !!!
what is it … [ is a subsystem in language ]
what does it do … [ which expresses meanings ]
how … [ through the opposition of variants of one and the same unit (forms)]
Main units of grammar
Morpheme – … [form-building morphemes / inflections]
… [ Word ]
Word group / phrase
… [ Sentence ]
… [ Units larger than a sentence ] - suprasentencial unities / supraphrasal unities / clause clusters / etc. / texts
Units of grammar (and language in general) stand in two types of relations:
1) Syntagmatic 2) …
– linear relations – relations outside the lines …
– observed in … – observed in …[ language ]
A paradigm is a …
e.g. e.g.
PARTS OF GRAMMAR
… and Syntax
studies … relations of words: studies … relations of words and
So main units of morphology are … paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of …
Main notions of grammar
Grammatical meaning
Grammatical and lexical meaning.
Grammatical meaning is the plane of …
Grammatical meaning is - …
- …
- …
- …
- … e.g. dog – dogs, ask-asked
The basic differential feature of a grammatical meaning is its … character.
Grammatical form: grammatical … form and grammatical syntactic form.
Means of form building:
Synthetic and …
- … (form-building morphemes) with the help of … morphemes
- … (inner inflections)
- …
Features of an analytical form: … … … … …
Analytical forms develop grammatical idiomaticity, which means that …
Principles of classifying morphemes: … … … …
Types of morphemes:
- according to their function: … … …
- according to the subsystem they function in: … … …
- according to how they are connected with the stem and spelled: … … …
- according to the way they are expressed: … … …
But ! Grammatical meaning and grammatical form … … …