4) Fill in the gaps

Sub-surface mining consists of _____1 digging_tunnels or shafts into the earth to reach buried ore_____2 deposit_. Drift mining utilizes horizontal_____3 access tunnels, slope mining uses diagonally sloping access shafts ts . Room and_____4 pillar_ mining often leads to retreat mining which is removing the pillars which support rooms, allowing the room to cave in loosening more _____5 ore_.

Mining machines

Match heads and tails:

One of directions of modern mine transport development is (e)	machines used underground and machines utilized at grass.
Mining machines can be divided into (a)	is different depending on the type of lifting.
Transportation equipment of a mine complex (b)	transport coal, ores and oil sand.
Dump trucks and bulldozers (c)	locomotive or mechanically-propelled, monorail, mono-cableway or cableway working at grass.
Auxiliary transport is (d)	transportation and unloading with the use of computer technology.

2.

1) The main types of mining transport used at grass are gravity-operated machines and conveyors. T

2) In open pit mines coal, ores and oil sand are never extracted and transported by large excavators of various types. F

3) Gates, hoists, trolley tilters, different track equipment are widely used as auxiliary equipment for the formation of materials and products in a cargo units. F

4) The main types of underground mining transportation are automobiles, planes, helicopters. F

5) Minerals are usually transported from a receiving bunker by means of a conveyor belt. T

3. Fill in the gaps:

Transportation of 1 people_ is carried on (2) passenger trains, presented by special trolleys, automotive machines of pneumatic transfer mechanism, monorail or mono-cable ways. Gates, skid conveyors, hoists, trolley tilters, different track equipment, containers are widely (3) used in mining industry as auxiliary equipment for the (4) formation_ of materials and products in a (5) cargo _ units prepared to mechanized methods of loading, unloading and storage.

4. Find the definitions:

conveyor (c)	denoting or relating to a liquid moving under pressure
hydraulic (a)	a powerful tractor with a broad upright blade at the front for clearing ground
excavator(e)	a thing that transports or communicates something
bulldozer (b)	the maximum amount that something can contain
capacity (d)	a large machine for digging and moving earth

Mine transport

Match heads and tails:

Mining machines(d)	distinguished according to the place of its operation.
In modern mines there are(e)	machines used in mining industry.
Mine transport is(a)	into primary and auxiliary.
A mine machine specialist deals with(b)	are a complex of delivery equipment used underground as well as at grass.
Mine transportation is divided(c)	two main transportation problems.

2

One problem involves transporting people, equipment and other things to slating face, development face and other industrial areas. T

Mine transport cannot be distinguished according to the place of its operation. F

A miner’s task is to provide non-stop work by constant checking these mechanisms, their maintenance and repair. T

The second problem is to receive and transport minerals from mining faces. T

Auxiliary transportation is used for moving mining equipment, different materials and people. T

3. Fill in the gaps:

Mine transport is distinguished according to the place of its operation: (1) underground and mine transport (2) surface (pit head buildings, waste dumps, warehouses). Depending on the type of cargo mine (3) transportation _ is divided into primary, intended to move (4) minerals and waste rock, and (5) auxiliary - for moving mining equipment, different materials and people.

4. Find the definitions:

direction(b)	Asolid, naturally occurring inorganic substance
shaft(c)	A course along which someone or something moves
provide(e)	a long vertical passage, for example for a lift
mineral(a)	the process of keeping in good condition
maintenance(d)	make available for use; supply

SAFETY

Match heads and tails:

Aventilation system is set up(b)	exposure to harmful gases, heat and dust.
A miner without proper hearing protection(c)	to force a stream of air through the working areas.
Poor ventilation of the mines causes(a)	is at a high risk for hearing loss.
Humidity and high temperatures may result (e)	can generally be controlled by dilution.
The concentration of airborne contaminants(d)	in heat-related illnesses.

1) Gases, heat and dust inside sub-surface mines can cause harmful physiological effects, including death. T

2) Detection equipment must be able to detect common noises in mines. F

3) Dusts can cause health problems. T

4) There is no anger of hearing loss in mines. F

5) Gases can be a source of explosions in coal mines. T

Fill in the gaps:

Gases in mines can also (1) poison the workers or displace the (2) oxygen _ in the mine, causing asphyxiation. For this reason, the MHSA requires that workers have gas (3) detection equipment in groups of miners. It must be able to detect common gases, such as CO, O2, H2S. Additionally, further (4) )regulation is being requested for more gas detection as newer (5) technology such as nanotechnology is introduced.

Find the definitions:

humidity(c)	beneath the surface
equipment(d)	the state of having no protection from something harmful
regulation(e)	a quantity representing the amount of water in the atmosphere
underground(a)	the necessary items for a particular purpose
exposure(b)	a rule or directive made by an authority

Fans and ventilation

1. The principle methods of ventilation are main circuit ventilation and auxiliary one.__F

2. Air introduced into the mine workings via the pipes and ducts._T

3. A fan is a device for producing ventilation of workings after underground operations in mine like blasting, crushing, drilling or boring.__T

4. The principle methods of ventilation are dilution or displacement__T

5. The dilution ventilation is to use the airflow in a way that confines the dust source and keeps it away from workers.____F

Task 2. Match heads and tails:

1.The displacement ventilation uses the airflow in a way that.(e)	a)a combination of pipes and ducts, fans, cooling and heating systems, and possibly air cleaning equipment.
2.Mine ventilation system consists of… (a)	b) additional flow of air serves to reduce the dust concentration by diluting the cloud.
3.Fans are to satisfy two general functions: (d)	c) the mine workings via temporarily mounted ventilation fans (local fans) and disposable fabric.
4.The dilution ventilation operates when workers are surrounded by a dust cloud and (b)	d) to provide constant flow of fresh air to main levels and to dilute noxious gases (typically SO2, methane, CO2 and CO.
5.Auxiliary ventilation takes air from the flow-through system and distributes it to (c)	e) confines the dust source and keeps it away from workers