Государственное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

«САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МОРСКОЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Кафедра иностранных языков

СУДОСТРОЕНИЕ

Методические указания

по английскому языку

Санкт-Петербург

2008

Методические указания предназначены для аудиторных практических занятий по английскому языку и самостоятельной работы студентов I курса всех специальностей вечернего факультета.

В текстах методических указаний и заданиях к ним содержится общеязыковая, общенаучная и терминологическая лексика, необходимая для чтения и перевода англоязычной научно-технической литературы по основным специальностям СПбГМТУ.

ЕРШОВА

Надежда Эмилиевна

МУЛИНА

Надежда Викторовна

КАРА

Марина Германовна

СУДОСТРОЕНИЕ

Методические указания

по английскому языку

© СПбГМТУ,

2008

Ответственный редактор Н.А.Голикова

Редактор С.А.Захарова

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2.11.07. Зак. 3495. Тир.500. Уч.-изд. л. 4,6.

Издательский центр СПбГМТУ. СПб., Лоцманская ул., 10.

Unit I

Education

Lesson 1

Higher Education in Russia

Слова и словосочетания к тексту:

higher education	—	высшее образование
highly-qualified	—	высококвалифицированный
provide v	—	обеспечивать
develop v	—	развивать
development n	—	развитие
train v	—	обучать
training n	—	обучение
right to education	—	право на образование
ensure v	—	гарантировать, обеспечивать
compulsory secondary school	—	полная средняя школа
vocational school	—	профессионально-техническое училище
technical school	—	техникум
higher educational establishment	—	высшее учебное заведение
enter v	—	поступать (в университет и т.п.)
applicant n	—	абитуриент
to pass entrance exams	—	сдать вступительные экзамены
offer v	—	предлагать
course of studies	—	курс обучения
postgraduate course	—	аспирантура
academic year	—	учебный год
depend on	—	зависеть от
advanced knowledge	—	передовые, современные знания
major subjects	—	профилирующие предметы
defend the diploma project	—	защищать дипломный проект
thesis n	—	диссертация
be in charge of	—	отвечать за, возглавлять что-либо
field n	—	область, сфера (знаний, науки, деятельности), отрасль
confer v	—	награждать, присуждать
be funded by the state	—	финансироваться государством
receive a state grant	—	получать государственную стипендию
fee-paying department	—	внебюджетный, платный факультет
fees n	—	плата за обучение
enterprise n	—	предприятие
students’ hostel	—	студенческое общежитие
determining a	—	определяющий
fundamental humanities and natural sciences	—	основные гуманитарные и естественные науки
branch of science	—	область, сфера, отрасль науки
economics and production	—	экономика и производство
knowledge n	—	знания
skills n	—	умения, навыки, мастерство
values n	—	ценности
exchange v	—	обменивать
way to success	—	путь к успеху
research v	—	исследовать
research work	—	исследовательская работа

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Higher education plays an important role in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress. It trains people to become teachers, doctors, engineers and other professional workers. In the Russian Federation the right to education is guaranteed by the Constitution and ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational and technical schools and higher educational institutions.

There are more than five hundred establishments of higher education with more than two million students in Russia. To enter an institute or a university all applicants must pass entrance exams.

Higher educational institutions offer 5 or 6 year course of education as well as a postgraduate course. The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms (semesters). The first- and second-year students study fundamental sciences depending on their future profession.

At the third year students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their major subjects and take a lot of courses in these subjects. After four years of studies students can get a Bachelor’s degree. Then students may go on with their studies and in a year or two can get the Master’s degree. After defending a diploma project one can finish the post graduate course and after writing a thesis get a candidate degree.

Higher educational institutions are headed by Rectors. Prorectors are in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or a university has a number of faculties, each specializing in a field of study. Faculties are headed by deans. Faculties have specialized councils which confer candidate and doctoral degrees.

State higher educational institutions are funded by the state and students receive state grants. Almost all universities and institutes have fee paying departments and students have to pay fees for their education there. Some students are sponsored by enterprises. Universities have their own students’ hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centers.

Today the role of universities in the system of higher education becomes determining as they give training in fundamental humanities and natural sciences. Every year thousands of graduates receive diplomas of higher education and start working in different branches of science, economics and production.

Education is a process through which culture, knowledge and skills are developed, values are formed, and information is exchanged. Education is the way to success.

Упражнение 1. Найдите в данном тексте, прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова. Упражнение 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. When does the academic year begin in our country?

2. How many exams did you pass to enter the University?

3. What courses of education do higher educational establishments offer?

4. What is the structure of an institute or a university?

5. What subjects do students study in the first and second years?

6. Do students get grants?

7. What degree do students get after four years of study?

8. What degree can a student get after two years of further study and research?

9. Why is higher education so important nowadays?

British Universities. Oxford and Cambridge

Слова и словосочетания к тексту:

special eminence	—	особое положение
arrange teaching process	—	организовывать учебный процесс
tutorial system	—	система кураторства
provide one’s living	—	зарабатывать на жизнь
apply for a further degree course	—	подавать заявление для прохождения дальнейшего курса обучения

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

There are more than forty universities in Great Britain. The oldest universities are Oxford and Cambridge. Oxford is the older of these two and is more philosophical, classical and theological. It was founded in 1249 after the University of Bologna in Italy founded in the eleventh century and the University of Salamanca in Spain founded in 1218 so the third oldest is Oxford. The history of Cambridge started in 1284. Among the British universities Oxford and Cambridge have a special eminence they are the most prestigious in Great Britain and are often called Oxbridge although both universities are independent.

The University of Oxford is a collection of thirty five separate colleges. For many years only five of these colleges were for women. However, since 1979 nearly all the colleges have accepted both men and women. The University is only an administrative centre which arranges teaching process for all the students of the colleges, holds examinations and gives degrees. The college is a place where students live. Every college is headed by a dean.

The tutorial system is one of the ways in which Oxford and Cambridge differ from all other English Universities. Every student has its tutor who plans and supervises his work. University education is not free of charge. Students have to pay high fees for their schooling. It’s especially in Oxford and Cambridge that fees are extremely high. The grants are small enough so some students have to work to provide their living.

Candidates are accepted on the basis of their A-level results and interviews. All degree courses are full time and most of them last three years (medical and veterinary courses last five or six years) after graduates get their Bachelor’s Degrees. Those who want can apply to take a further degree course, usually involving different exam courses and research work. There are two types of post-graduate courses – the Master’s Degree, which takes one or two years and the higher ­– Doctor’s Degree, which takes two or three years.

Oxford and Cambridge are centers of education and are also well known because the standard of teaching there is very high so students from all parts of the country and abroad join the university “family” that has more than 9,000 members.

Notes

Bachelor’s Degree – диплом бакалавра

Master’s Degree – ученая степень магистра

Doctor’s Degree – ученая степень доктора наук

Lesson 2

“Modern” Universities

Найдите эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

liberal education technological training modern approach terminal examinations final examinations break of discipline serious offence to be expelled private independent institutions receive financial support to be responsible to governing council regulations curriculum appointment of staff

нарушение дисциплины быть отчисленным управляющий совет широкое, общее образование серьезное нарушение, проступок частные, независимые учебные заведения техническое образование получать финансовую помощь правила расписание современный подход назначение профессорско-препо­давательского состава быть ответственным перед экзаменационная сессия выпускные экзамены

Слова и словосочетания к тексту:

because of	—	из-за
hold (held, held) examinations	—	проводить экзамены
fail examinations	—	провалиться на экзаменах
be responsible to	—	отвечать перед кем-то