2.12.General Methodological principles and their application in flt process.

It is very important to define the basic principles of FLT. As a Pedagogical science FLT Methodology is based on the principles of didactics, on the one hand, and on the other hand it has its own principles as well. All methodological principles of FLTM we divide into 3 groups: general, special and specific principles.

General methodological principles define the process of foreign language teaching in general. To the general principles of FLTM we concern: the principle of communicativeness, the principle of native language basis, the principle of integration and differentiation, the principle of domineering role of exercises on all levels and spheres of mastering a FL.

The principle of communicativeness supposes the mastering of habits and skills, permitting the use of a language as a mean of communication. Usage of communicative activities leads to the formation of practical skills in all spheres of speech activities. The principle of communicative teaching implies the formation of communicative competence as the aim of teaching a FL. There are different types of exercises which may have different levels of communicativeness:

1)substitution exercises

2)transformation exercises

3)relatively-communicative

4)communicative

The principle of native language basis. The native language is used as a reliable mean of understanding meaning and corresponding structures of a foreign language. The teaching material is organized to achieve its positive transferring from the native language into foreign.

The principle of domineering role of exercises supposes that every activity must be finished by exercises. The exercises demonstrate the functioning of the learning material in the speech (communication).

The principle of Integration and differentiation. When we teach any aspect of language, we form knowledge and skills in all aspects and types of speech activities. For example, when we teach vocabulary - we pronounce the words in different contexts and develop phonetic habits.

2.13) Special Methodological principles and their application in flt process.

Special methodological principles develop and give more concrete expressions to the special points and questions of general principles. To the special principles of FLTM we concern: the principle of intensive study on the primary stage, the principle of teaching on the base of speech patterns, the principle of approximation, the principle of oral approach, the principle of combining language drills with speech activities.

The principle of intensive study on the primary stage provides the rapid mastering of phonetic, lexical and grammar materials on the primary stages and including them into speech activity. The formation of speech habits and skills requires a considerable amount of drill activities and repetitions of a language and speech material.

The principle of teaching on the base of speech patterns proposes the thorough selection of speech patterns. Speech patterns enable the learners to use the phonetic, lexical and grammar material in the concentrate forms. The rapid acquisition of the language material on the base of speech patterns enable the pupils to realize various communicative activities in reading and speaking.

The principle of approximation gives the teacher a possibility to conduct the organization and control forms more rationally. The teacher may ignore the pupils’ language and speech mistakes if they don’t break and impede (препятствовать) of understanding a content of communicative speech messages. The realization of this principle creates the positive atmosphere in the class, which increases the activity of the pupils and eliminates their fears of mistakes.

The principle of oral approach demands the acquisition of the language material through speech activity. The teaching of reading and writing is conducted on the base of language material. The following sequence of developing speech skills is maintained: the understanding of speech è speaking è reading è aural writing/ So, the principle of oral approach consists in acquisition of language material on the pre-reading stage, consolidation of the material and obtaining new information on the while-reading stage and developing communicative abilities on post-reading stage.

The principle of combining language drills with speech activities envisages the necessity of language acquisition as a mean of achieving a real communication. The main objective of the lesson is speech practice and speech activity.