38.Commercial bank services: facilitation of payments for bills.

One of the main functions of the bank - the payment of customer accounts. Cashless payments more convenient and safer cash. One type of non-cash payment is cheque.

Cheque - a security which made the owner of the bank account on the prescribed form containing the order to the bank to make its presentation for payment of this sum to a third person. For cash checks from the bank issued cash and checks are carried out on the calculated non-cash payments.

Non-cash payments service in key areas of economic relations of enterprises and their relationships with the financial and credit system. Thus, the essence of that economic agencies make payments to each other for goods and materials and services rendered, as well as financial liabilities by transferring amounts due from the payer to the payee or set-off of mutual debts.

Organization of cash payments using bank money far preferable cash payments, as in the first case is achieved significant savings on distribution costs. Widespread use of cashless payments contributes to an extensive network of banks, as well as the state's interest in their development as for the previously mentioned reasons and in order to study and regulation of macroeconomic processes.

The value of non-cash settlements is great because:

1) non-cash payments contribute to the concentration of financial resources in the banks. Temporarily free funds of enterprises that are stored in the banks, are one of the sources of credit;

2) cash payments to promote the normal circulation of funds in the economy

Non-cash payments - a set of non-cash monetary operations during the sale of goods and services, distribution and redistribution of national income. Their purpose is to meet the monetary and credit obligations of businesses and individuals on the basis of the functioning of money as non-cash means of payment.

Principles of organization of calculations - basic beginning of their conduct. Compliance with the principles together helps ensure compliance with payment requirements: timeliness, reliability, efficiency.

There are:

- The principle of the legal regime of the settlement and payments

- The principle of the settlement of bank accounts

- The principle of security of payment

- The principle of priority of payment of the periodic

- The principle of consent (acceptance) of the payer

- The principle of urgency payment

- The principle of control over the operations

- The principle of property liability under the contract

39. Commercial bank services: overdraft agreements.

An overdraft occurs when money is withdrawn from a bank account and the available balance goes below zero. In this situation the account is said to be "overdrawn". If there is a prior agreement with the account provider for an overdraft, and the amount overdrawn is within the authorized overdraft limit, then interest is normally charged at the agreed rate. If the negative balance exceeds the agreed terms, then additional fees may be charged and higher interest rates may apply. If you have an overdraft account, your bank will cover checks which would otherwise bounce. As with any loan, you pay interest on the outstanding balance of an overdraft loan. So, overdrafting refers to the practice of granting short-term credit to an account holder when his or her balance reaches zero. This is used to prevent checks from bouncing or debit cards from being declined when there are insufficient funds in the account. This privilege is sometimes advertised as "overdraft protection." Overdraft settings are the guidelines for how a given financial institution offers and executes overdraft protection on specific demand deposit accounts. Simply stated, overdraft settings govern overdraft protection. Overdraft protection comes in several forms and might mean different things for different banking relationships. It is common for overdraft protection to link two accounts together, allowing funds to automatically be drawn on a reserve account in the event of the primary account being drawn to zero. This function can be very helpful in avoiding overdraft fees or having insufficient funds to execute a transaction. Some overdraft protections do not link two accounts; instead, they simply allow for your demand deposit account to go into the negative, normally up to a predetermined limit. This service is costly, as every overdrawn transaction results in a hefty overdraft fee that is automatically charged against your account. Overdraft settings are found on most financial institutions' websites and briefly describe the treatment of overdrafted transactions. Overdraft settings are not universal. Most financial institutions reserve the right to refuse extending credit on certain transactions or for certain customers, even if their standard account settings normally allow for it.  As a customer, you may be given some discretion over how you would like to use overdraft protection on your account; you might, for example, decline the overdraft protection entirely if you want to prevent your account from holding a negative balance.