Таble XX Gerund and its position in the sentence

Functions of gerund

Subject

Following a diet is useful

Part of the predicate

Your job was collecting the material

Subject and nominative part of predicate

Seeingisbelieving

Увидеть — значит поверить

Object

Nobodylikeswaiting

Attribute

I don’t see any use in going there

Adverbial modifier

Не talkedwithoutstopping

Prepositions

Simple

Prepositions

at — about —

on — till —

in — of —

from — bу —

to — for —

with —

Derived

Prepositions

into — inside —

upon – outside —

behind — during —

before — throughout —

Compound

Prepositions

in front of — instead of —

because of out of —

as far as — contrary —

n spite of — according to —

Simple Adjectives

red, bad, big

Derived Adjectives

useful, dirty

well-known,

Compound-Adjectives

good-looking,

brown-eyed

Classification of adverbs

Adverbs of manner

How?

well

quickly

slowly

fast

badly

clearly

deeply

sincerely

willingly

Kate walked very slowly

Наречия повторности и частоты

(Adverbsoffrequency)

How often? When?

often

never

always

sometimes

ever

constantly

twice.

three times

occasionally

They sometimes stay up all night

Adverbs of time

When? How long?

today

yesterday

before

soon

now

late

tomorrow

then

sometimes

always

lately

already

yet

afterwards

immediately

suddenly

at once

Two children were lost in the forest yesterday

Adverbs of place or direction

Where? Where from?

here

there

downstairs

outside

where

far

back

inside

backwards

everywhere

below

abroad

to and fro

towards

Where are you going to?

Adverbs of degree

How much? What time?

little

much

hardly

very

too

just

almost

quite

rather

enough

extremely

completely

You have come too late

The Particles

Negative

particlenot

It is used to form negatives

I’m going to the cinema, not to school

Connective words also, too, as well as either

They are used for connection of some part of the sentence with the previous one

We are going to the cinema tomorrow. Kateisgoingtoo

Limiting or emphasizing words

They are used for concrete (f.e in time) и and emphasis in action

I could hardly understand him

Таблица служебных слов

Word

Тranscription

Перевод

about

[ә'baut]

о; про; около; примерно

across

[s'krᴐs]

через; напротив

after

[‘a:ftә]

после; за; после того, как

against

[a'geinst]

против; об

along

[ә'lᴐŋ]

вдоль; по

also

['ᴐ:lsou]

тоже; также

among

[ә'mΛŋ]

среди

and

[ænd]

и; a ,

around

[ә'raund]

вокруг

at

[әt]

в; на; у

at last

. [әt'la:st]

наконец-то; сразу

because

[bi'kᴐz]

потому что; из-за

before

[bi'fᴐ:]

перед; до; прежде чем; до того как

below

[bi'lou]

ниже

behind

[bi'haind]

за; позади

beside

[bi'said]

рядом

between

[bi'twi:n]

между

but

[bΛt]

но; кроме

by

[bai]

(как творительный падеж); у; около; мимо

down

[daun]

вниз; вниз по

from

[frᴐm]

от; у

for

[fᴐ:]

для; за; так как

either… or

['aiðә'ᴐ:]

или... или...

however

[hau'evә]

однако

in

[in]

в; через

into

['intu]

в

neither… nor

['naiðә'nᴐ:]

ни... ни...

of

[ᴐv]

(какродительныйпадеж); из

of course

[ᴐv 'kᴐ:s]

конечно

on

[ᴐn]

на; в; после

once

[wΛns]

однажды; когда-то

one

[wΛn]

один; какой-то

or

[ᴐ:]

или

over

['ouvә]

через; над

round

[raund]

вокруг; за; назад

since

[sins]

с тех пор как; с

so

[sou]

так; также; тоже

so as

['sou әz ]

чтобы

still

[stil]

всё еще ,

than

[ðæn]

чем

that

[ðæt]

та; то; тот; этот; который

although

[ᴐ:lðou]

хотя

through

[θru:]

через

till

[til]

до тех пор пока

until

[Λn'til]

до тех пор пока не

towards

[tә'wᴐ:dz|

к; по направлению

to

[tu]

(как дательный падеж); к; на; в

under

[Λndә]

под; при

unless

[Λn’les]

если... не

up

[Λр]

вверх

upon

[ә'рᴐn]

на; в; после

what

[wᴐt]

что; какой

whether

[weðә]

ли

while

[wail]

пока; в то время как

with

[wið]

(как творительный падеж); с

within

[wið'in]

в пределах

without

[wið'aut]

без

yet

[jet]

однако; всё еще

not yet

[nᴐt 'jet]

ещё не

Adverbial modifier clause sentences

Названиепридаточногопредложения

Вводятся

Словами

Примеры

Adverbial modifier sentences of time(in this sentences the verb is used with the meaning of future time)

when

as soon as

before

until

while

after

since

Return here as soon as you can

adverbial modifier clause of place

where

wherever

The plane landed where it was supposed to

adverbial modifier clause of action and comparison

as

as if

than

how

the... the

The sooner we start, the quicker we get there

adverbial modifier clause of cause

because

since

as

I can’t go because I have

nomoney

adverbial modifier clause of goal

so that

in case

in order that

Make a note of it in case you forget

adverbial modifier clause of results

that

so that

such that

I’m so hungry that I can’t

goanywhere

adverbial modifier clause (making concession)

though

even if

no matter whatever

I’ll buy the ticket whatever it costs

conditional clause

(it expresses the condition

of an action)

if

unless

suppose

What shall we do if it rains?