Additional grammar and vocabulary exercises.

Ex.1. Write in words.

4,14,40,5,15,50,9,19,90,9^th,90^th.8,18^th,80^th.

Ex.2. Fill in properarticles where necessary.

1. It was only….fifth of July, and no operation was fixed with a patient until…ninth. 2. He’d catch …two o’clock train back to Astana. 3. Once more the nurse had used the service stairs from…eighth floor to…ninth. 4. Patients in the ward talked of…thousand things, and they all talked at once. 5. She is quite aged for…seventy, isn’t she? What I would call…old seventy. 6. My sister walked straight up to her former friend, kissed her cheek, and…two sat down on a sofa never did that since the hotel’s foundation.

Ex.3. Comment on the use of articleswith personal names.

1. This was not the Assel he knew.2. This Arman wasn’t at all like the Arman of her memories. When he smiled, she saw the Arman she had known, the Arman smiling at her from the worn photo that still lay in the bag.3. Introductions followed, with much talk and laughter amongst the Akhmetovs, the Petrovs and the Aubakirovs. 4. Do you know who Venera is? Venera ?The only Venera I know is Venera Smagulova. 5. Pardon, but could you tell me if a Mr and Mrs Abuov live here?

Ex.4. Choosethe appropriate form of the possessive pronoun.

1. The surgeon’s consulting room was only two doors from (my, mine). 2. He slipped (his, him) arm in (her, hers). 3. He left (her, hers) with (their, theirs) child. 4. The nurse helped (his, him) to wear (his, him) white gown. 5. What was the experiment of (your, yours)?

Ex. 5. Underline the correct phrase in each sentence.

1. The price of drugs has risen/has been rising by 10 % over the past year. 2. I am not surprised, you are overweight! You have been eating/you have eaten chocolate all day long!

3. The nurse hasbeen giving/hasgiven a large number of injections this morning. 4. Don’t forget your pill. Have you taken it/have you been taking it? 5. Who has worn/ has been wearing my gown? 6. I think there is something wrongwith your X-ray apparatus. It’s made/ It’s been making some very funny noises. 7. The GP has been phoning/ the GP has phoned thepatient all morning, but there is no reply.

Unit 2

General practitioner 2

Hospital staff

The people who work in any type of workplace, including hospitals, are called the staff.

Up until the year 2005, a General Practitioner of medicine had to do a minimum of the following postgraduating training:

• A pre-registration house officer (PRHO), or house officer, is a newly graduated doctor in the first year of postgraduate training. After a year, he or she becomes a registered medical practitioner in which the trainee usually spends 6 months on a general surgical ward and 6 months on a general ward in a hospital. In the current system of training, it is called the Foundation Programme, the name for these junior doctors is Foundation Year 1 doctor (FY1).

• A senior house officer (SHO) is in the second year of postgraduate training in which the trainee normally completes four 6-month jobs in hospital specialties such as obstetrics and gynecology, paediatrics, geriatric medicine, accident and emergency or psychiatry. The title is now Foundation Year 2 doctor (FY2), but the old terms senior house officer and SHO are still used.

• A specialist registrar (SpR) is a doctor who has completed the Foundation Programme, and is training in one of the medical specialties. There are also some non-training registrars- doctors who have completed their training but do not wish to specialize yet.

• A consultant is a fully qualified specialist. There may also be some associate specialists as senior doctors who do not wish to become consultants. In addition, there is at least one medical (or clinical) director, who is responsible for all of the medical staff.

Medical teams

Consultant physicians and surgeons are responsible for a specific number of patients in the hospital. Each consultant has a team of junior doctors to help patients to be treated. Many hospitals have multidisciplinary teams which consist of physiotherapists and other allied health professionals except doctors.

When patients are admitted to hospital, they are usually examined first by one of the junior doctors on the ward where they will receive treatment and care. The junior doctor clerks them - takes their medical history and examines them.

Sometime later, the registrar also sees the patients, and may order investigations or tests, for example X-rays or an ECG, make a provisional diagnosis, and begin treatment.

The consultant usually sees the new admissions - people who have recently been admitted to the ward - for the first time on one of the regular ward rounds, when the management of the patients is discussed with the registrar. Consultants also decide when a patient is ready to be discharged from the hospital (sent home). On the ward round, the consultant is accompanied by the team and a nurse, and they visit all the patients in the consultant's care.

Shifts

Junior doctors now normally work in shifts, which means they normally work for eight hours every day, for example 7 am to 3 pm, and they are then free until 7 am the next day. After a week they are changed to a different shift, for example from 3 pm to 11 pm or 11 pm to 7 am. The alternative system is to work from 9 am to 5 pm every day and to take turns to be on call - available to return to the hospital if necessary - from 5 pm to 9 am the next day. Days on call are set out in a rota, or list of names and times. Doctors on call carry a radio pager, or bleeper, a device which makes a noise when someone is trying to contact them.