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Additional grammar and vocabulary exercises.

1. Try to learn or revise linking words and phrases, their definitions are given below, make up sentences of your own.

  • Explaining reasons: as a result/accordingly/thus/hence/consequently/for that reason/owing to/in turn;

  • Making generalizations: broadly speaking/generally speaking/on the whole/by and large/to a large;

  • Starting: for a start/first of all/in the first place/for one thing/to start with;

  • Giving new information: giving incidentally/by the way; or by the way/incidentally;

  • Concession/qualification: even so/all the same; anyway/at any rate/having said/having said that/even so/all the same; at least;

  • Giving a personal opinion: to be (perfectly) honest/to tell the truth;

2.Underline the correct word orphrase in each sentence.

1. A:Did you call the Accident and Emergency service for me?

B: I forgot as a result/to be honest/to make matters worse. I’ll do it now.

2. By and large/despite the fact that/ owing to I am very pleasedwith theirwork on ourDaySurgery Unit. At any rate/accordingly/having said that, I think theycould have madea better jobof the operating.

3. I missed two week’s training at residency course because of flu last month. To put onother way/as a result/ to tell the truth, I’m not expectingto answerwell in today’s seminar.

4.They have avery difficult time. On top of that/at any rate/ to start with, their mother had suspected myocardial infarction.

5.Nevertheless/on the whole/hence I agree what you are saying, but I am not about your last idea.

6.It seems to me that I haven’t enjoyed my time in resort. After all/ having said that/ on the contrary, I had awonderful time in some way.

7. The weather is likely to be dry and warm in the south of Kazakhstan. In the far north west, however/whereas, it will be wet and windy.

3.Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. The first one hasbeen done foryou.

1. “Would you like to have lunch at weekends?” asked my friend.

If

My friend asked if I would like to have lunch at weekends.

2. “ You are not allowed to smoke in the ward, Askhat,” said the nurse.

Forbade

The nurse in the ward.

3. Mother thought it would be a good idea for me to consult a doctor.

Advised

Themother to consult a doctor.

4. The medical director of the hospital proposed regular meetings for staff.

Suggested

The medical director should meet regularly.

5. The patient’s parents demanded urgent operation from surgeons.

Do

Parents demanded----------------------------------------something urgently.

6. “No, I really don’t want to stay the night at the hospital, mom”, Ann said

Staying

Ann insisted the night at the hospital.