Theoretical questions

1. Objects of political science - what does political science study?

Political science is a science studying political organisation and political life of the society, problems of internal policy and international relations; Political science - is a science about laws and basic tendencies of political processes. Object of political science is politics, Political science subfields include political theory, political philosophy, political ideology, political economy, policy studies and analysis, comparative politics, international relations, and a host of related fields. Political scientists use both humanistic and scientific perspectives and tools and a variety of methodological approaches to examine the process, systems, and political dynamics of all countries and regions of the world.

2. Subjects of political science - ‘who does politics’, who has got the agency in politics?

Subject matter is laws and tendencies of political processes. Political Science is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, government and politics. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state.It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems and political behavior. Political scientists "see themselves engaged in revealing the relationships underlying political events and conditions. And from these revelations they attempt to construct general principles about the way the world of politics works.

3. The objectives and goals of political science, what purpose does it serve?

4. What is ‘politics’?

The term "politics" appeared more than two and a half millenia ago and derives from Greek "politik" - an art of state governing. Most scientists connect with the name of a great thinker of the Ancient Greece, Aristotle and his work «Politia». Aristotle considered politics as a form of people's community, common cause and welfare. Plato believed politics was an art to live together. One of the founders of political science Machiavelli characterised politics as a set of means necessary to come to power, to keep it. The concept of politics is many-sided. Politics as a public phenomenon appears together with state formation, and state appears with division of the society into social groups, classes, i.e. it appears at that stage of development of the society which is characterised by social, ethnic, religious differentiation. Thus, genetically, the period of occurrence of politics coincides with formation of social groups. Presence, antagonism, cooperation of social groups indeed was a basis of formation of state and politics and acted as a political forming basis.

5. Structure of political system.

Political system, as well as economic, legal, spiritual, and also socially class systems, is the subsystem of society. If the substantial sign of the economic system is a propert, legal are legal norms as regulators of public life, spiritual is forming of values, recreation of personality, adequate these values, the substantial sign of the political system consists in forming and realization of political, state power. Exactly imperious relations characterize the political system. The political system has the structure. Mostly in domestic literature to the structure of the political system include: political relations, political institutes (organizations), political and legal norms, political consciousness and political culture. In our view, in the structure of the political system it is possible to select the row of structural levels:

institucional'niy (organizationally normative) which exposes character of functioning of basic institutes of the political system;

judicial is character of group and mass subjects of policy;

interakcionistskiy is character of co-operations on interpersonality, group and institucional'nomu levels.

In an order to select the structural elements of the political system at institucional'nomu level, it is necessary above all things dates answer for such questions: as state, regional and local power, what mechanisms of forming of this power, quality of mental and actively practical components of the political system, is carried out.

^ Answering on them, will select such structural elements: state, regional and local organs of self-government, party system, electoral system, political culture.

Interakcionistskiy the level of structure of the political system includes the aggregate of different forms of co-operation (to the collaboration, consensus, konkurenciy, to the conflict).

From position of this approach it is possible to select the semantic components of political activity. The structure of the political system is offered by us enables to group the various political phenomena and processes in the unique integral system, to expose it structural and functional character both on makro- and on microlevels, that on institucional'nomu, interpersonality and group levels.