Foreign trade of the united kingdom

Foreign trade is vital to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. With a large population, small land area and few natural resources, the country depends on foreign trade to supply the raw materials for British factories and to provide a market for the sale of the thousands of types of manufactured goods produced by British industry.

The United Kingdom’s principal exports are vehicles, machinery, manufactured goods, and textiles. Her main imports are foodstuffs and most of the raw materials for industry. The United Kingdom imports one half of the food needed to feed the population.

Britain has very sound economic ties especially with the European Union countries, the United States of America and the Commonwealth, which includes Canada, Australia, New Zealand and many other smaller countries and territories.

The Commonwealth, officially called «the Commonwealth of Nations», has grown out of the old British empire which came to an end with the Second World War. The British monarch is still the head of the present Commonwealth.

Слова и выражения

vital – жизненный, насущный, существенный

land – земля

to depend on – зависеть от

raw – сырой, необработанный

manufactured – промышленный

to produce – производить

exports – статьи экспорта

vehicle – перевозочное средство

machinery – машинное оборудование, машины

textiles – текстиль, ткань

imports – статьи импорта, импорт

foodstuff – продукты питания

needed – необходимый

to feed – кормить

sound – здоровый

tie – связь

especially – особенно

officially – официально

to grow – расти, вырастать

empire – империя

war – война

monarch - монарх

Economics. Microeconomics and macroeconomics

Economics is a social science studying economy. Like the natural sciences and other social sciences, economics attempts to find laws or principles.

Economics tries to find laws or principles by building models. The predictions of the models form is the basis of economic theories. Then the predictions of the models are compared with the facts of the real world.

Economics is a science consists of two disciplines that is microeconomics and macroeconomics.

Microeconomics is the branch of economics that studies individual producers, consumers, or markets. Microeconomics also studies how government activities such as regulations and taxes affect individual markets. Besides microeconomics tries to understand what factors affect the prices, wages and earnings.

Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the economy as a whole. It tries to understand the picture as a whole rather than small parts of it. In particular, it studies the overall values of output, of unemployment and of inflation.

Слова и выражения

microeconomics – микроэкономика

macroeconomics – макроэкономика

to consist of something – состоять из чего-либо

discipline – дисциплина

branch – отрасль, ветвь, отделение

producer – производитель. изготовитель

consumer – потребитель

activities – деятельность

such as – такой, как

regulation – правило, регулирование

tax – налог

price – цена

wages – заработная плата

to earn – зарабатывать, получать

earnings – заработок, прибыль

as a whole – в целом

rather than – скорее чем

in particular – в частности, в особенности

overall – общий, полный

value – ценность, стоимость

output – выпуск, продукция, производительность

inflation – инфляция