Figure 1

Some of the negative consequences can be assessed from a financial point of view. For example, the costs after damage from storms and hurricanes in poor countries can be very expensive and they do not have enough money to renew the damaged buildings. “In a less populated area the estimated costs of Hurricane Juan, which passed over Nova Scotia in 2003, amounted to CAD$200 million.” (Lemmen, 2008, p.12) Moreover according to the 80 percent of New Orleans was underwater after hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. In all, Hurricane Katrina killed nearly 2,000 people and affected some 90,000 square miles of the United States. Impacts of climate change to financial point may adversely affect to livelihood of people and decrease general human development.

The majority of scientists agree that with increasing of accidents, development of humanity will decrease. Moreover, they suppose that it will not be possible to avoid. “Under conditions of global warming it is estimated that over 1 billion persons will be at additional risk of flood damage, 22 million will be subject to coastal flooding, and 20 million will starve per annum.” (Medalye, 2012, p.37) Furthermore according to a study by researchers from the University of Exeter Maldives likely to be the first to feel the effects of climate change as sea levels rise. Sea levels are predictable to increase by up to 97cm by 2100. (Rothman, 2006) If this happens then all the islands will be underwater therefore approximately billion people will die.

A similar situation is observed in Kazakhstan. According to the statistics in average the temperature rise by 0.26 0 C/10 years during the period 1936-2008. During this period in winter the temperature rise by 0.44 0 C while in summer by 0.14 0 C.

In addition, the problem of glaciers is crucial for all the eastern neighboring countries of Kazakhstan. Glaciers are melting so fast in parts of Kazakhstan which means that livings of millions of people will be affected. According to Dr Harrison and his colleagues, from the University of Newcastle, UK, von Humboldt University, Germany, and the Kazakh Academy of Sciences, between 1974 and 1990, the glaciers lost 1.28% of their size each year. Also one more serious issue in Kazakhstan is salinization of Balkhash. According to Kazakhstani scientist Krukova, the consequences of these processes can lead to ecological disasters.

From climate change there are a lot of affects namely on ecosystems and society. Also the consequences of this issue can guide to the effects of certain pests and diseases. The combination of global warming, environmental problems and human activities can result in extremely rapid destruction of ecosystems, namely arid zones, which constitute the majority part of the territory of Kazakhstan. It means that as a result of rapid warming, many species may disappear or migrate. (Baigarin et al., 2008) All above mention facts means that climate changes from region to region.

However some scientists argue that with special measures, this problem can be solved. “If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change, we need to cut our emissions of greenhouse gases, and keep the average global temperature increase less than 2°C.” (Medalye, 2007) Furthermore scientists of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest to urge world leaders accountable for taking the necessary measures and to control the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere. That is why the forests of the world are vigorous in justifying climate change. Or countries and regions will solve their own unique trials – as the means to decrease emissions.

Furthermore new technology can help to avoid weather variability. According to the human development report new way of solving this problem is applying devices where energy sources can be replaced or swapped. (Medalye, 2007) All above mention things can help to solve this global issue. Nevertheless, the solutions are still moot point.

However there are also positive effects of climate change to human development. Longer rising seasons could signify improved agricultural production in some local areas (Lemmen, 2008) For instance, Arctic that is ice-free in summer would let for new transport roads and open the opportunity of taking out oil and gas. Furthermore the areas such as such as Russia or Canada could amended agricultural production by 10% -15% (Rothman, 2006)

Moreover according to the prediction of Human Development report deaths from infection and other cold-weather ailments might go down which can positively affect to the growth of humanity. According to the scientists in 2010 in Latvia registered 39 cases of influenza A and seven cases of influenza B which were prevented only in winter with the help of climate change. (Gage, et al., 2008)

According to the conclusion of Professor Richard Tol of Sussex University, positive effects likely to stay progressive until about 2080. Further he accomplishes that climate change did indeed increase human and planetary benefit during the 20th century. To prove it, he gave examples such as the rise in average carbon dioxide levels over the past century, from 0.03 per cent to 0.04 per cent of the air, has had a measurable impact on plant growth rates. It is accountable for amazing change in the amount of greenery on the planet. As Dr Ranga Myneni of Boston University has accepted, using three decades of satellite data, 31% of the global vegetated area of the planet has become greener and just 3 per cent has become less green. This interprets into a 14% increase in productivity of ecosystems and has been observed in all flora categories. (Medalye, 2007)  It means that nowadays real harm of climate change can produce net benefits for 70 years.

Aims

The aim of this report was to explore people consciousness about climate change. The purpose was to clarify the causes and consequences of weather variability and find out how this problem affects human development.

In this research the main research questions were:

• How the Climate change affect to the human development?

• Could the influence of climate change to human development be prevented?

• Can climate change positively effect on human development?

Further the outcomes of this research will be used to notify people of 11 grade the impact of climate change on humanity and advise them to learn more about this topic in the 11th grade as it is one of the significant issue