Exercises

1. Translate the text.

2. Translate the words and word combinations according to the text.

communications protocol, data exchange, an important example, connectionless, the most well-known, datagram transmission, the next generation, optical fiber, via an electrical interface, data traffic, time-division, frames, high-throughput, low-latency, connection-oriented, endpoints

exchange.

3). Name the grammar form of the underlined sentences, ask questions to these sentences.

Lesson 11

Organizational scope

1. Read words with their translations.

own [əʊn] – мати, володіти

enterprise ['entəpraiz] -підприємство

intranet - Інтранет

extranet – Екстра мережа

access ['ækses] -доступ

entity ['entiti] - суть, існування

authorize ['ɔːθ(ə)raɪz] -  дозволяти, уповноважувати

provision [prə'viʒ(ə)n] – положення, умова

employee [ˌɪmplɔɪ'iː] -робітник, службовець

within [wɪ'ðɪn] -в середині

query ['kwi(ə)ri] - запит, питання, сумнів

deploy [dɪ'plɔɪ] -розміщати

enable [i'neib(ə)l] -уможливлювати

standards-compliant

standpoint ['stændpəint] -точка зору

implemente - здійснення

internetwork -комплекс мереж

successor [sək'sesə] - наступник

advanced Research Projects Agency network - Агентство перспективних досліджень мереж

backbone ['bækbəʊn] – основа, суть

underlying [ˌʌndə'laɪɪŋ], що лежить в основі

diverse [daɪ'vɜ:s] - різноманітний

array [ə'reɪ] -набір, комплект

compatible [kə m'pætəb(ə)l] – сумісний, поєднувальний

redundant [rɪ'dʌndənt] - надмірний

1. Read the text

Networks are typically managed by the organizations that own them. Private enterprise networks may use a combination of intranets and extranets. They may also provide network access to the Internet, which has no single owner and permits virtually unlimited global connectivity.

Intranets

An intranet is a set of networks that are under the control of a single administrative entity. The intranet uses the IP protocol and IP-based tools such as web browsers and file transfer applications. The administrative entity limits use of the intranet to its authorized users. Most commonly, an intranet is the internal LAN of an organization. A large intranet will typically have at least one web server to provide users with organizational information.

Intranets can help users to locate and view information faster and use applications relevant to their roles and responsibilities. With the help of a web browser interface, users can access data held in any database the organization wants to make available, anytime and — subject to security provisions — from anywhere within the company workstations, increasing employees' ability to perform their jobs faster, more accurately, and with confidence that they have the right information. It also helps to improve the services provided to the users.

A great real world example of where an intranet helped a company communicate is when Nestle had a number of food processing plants in Scandinavia. Their central support system had to deal with a number of queries every day. When Nestle decided to invest in an intranet, they quickly realized the savings. McGovern says the savings from the reduction in query calls was substantially greater than the investment in the intranet.

Intranets are also being used as a platform for developing and deploying applications to support business operations and decisions across the internetworked enterprise.

Information is easily accessible by all authorised users, which enables teamwork.

Standards-compliant web browsers are available for Windows, Mac, and UNIX.

The intranet can also be linked to a company’s management information system, for example a time keeping system.

Extranet

An extranet is a network that is also under the administrative control of a single organization, but supports a limited connection to a specific external network. For example, an organization may provide access to some aspects of its intranet to share data with its business partners or customers. These other entities are not necessarily trusted from a security standpoint. Network connection to an extranet is often, but not always, implemented via WAN technology.

Internetwork

An internetwork is the connection of multiple computer networks via a common routing technology using routers.

Internet

The Internet is the largest example of an internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private computer networks. It is based on the networking technologies of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is the successor of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by DARPA of the United States Department of Defense. The Internet is also the communications backbone underlying the World Wide Web (WWW).

Participants in the Internet use a diverse array of methods of several hundred documented, and often standardized, protocols compatible with the Internet Protocol Suite and an addressing system (IP addresses) administered by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and address registries. Service providers and large enterprises exchange information about the reachability of their address spaces through the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), forming a redundant worldwide mesh of transmission paths.

Darknet

The Darknet, also known as the Deep Web is World Wide Web content that is not part of the Surface Web, which is indexed by standard search engines. It is only accessible through specialized software.