2. 1. Find English equivalents in the text to the following:

• чувство близости между людьми;

• обмен информацией и чувствами;

• попытка разобраться с проблемами родителей;

• точный диагноз;

• ставить диагноз;

• ранняя диагностика и реабилитация;

• адекватно.

2. Read the text:

PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF THE DEAF AND THEIR IMPACT IN FAMILIES

One of the main complaints of deaf children and adults is the isolation they feel from their families and community. Such complaints are no less frequent from deaf people educated in traditional oral programs. We shall demonstrate why the many hours spent acquiring an oral technique do not necessarily establish feelings of closeness between human beings. Closeness comes from exchanges of information and feelings: in short, from understanding and empathy.

But without adequate language, we cannot do these things. This is why deaf people are isolated. They grow in silence, but they must not grow alone. For centuries, the deaf have been one of nature's "experiments" on the effects of cultural isolation. But for all its years, this "experiment" has resulted in little to bring the deaf into the mainstream as equals. The results, when examined honestly, are not encouraging. By early appropriate intervention at the social and educational level today and tomorrow, the deaf child and his family must not continue to be strangers in the same house.

There are practically no professionals who are prepared or who will attempt to deal with the parents' primary need: to discuss, ventilate and understand their feelings toward their deaf child. It is not uncommon for the busy physi­cian or audiologist to feel that his responsibility has been fulfilled once he has established the diagnosis of irreversible deafness. This is only the beginning of the time of parents' greatest need.

When parents have been informed that their child is deaf, the feelings of grief following definite diagnosis must be acknowledged. What actually happens in individual cases after deafness is diagnosed depends upon whom the parent gets for counseling and the age of the child when the advice is given.

It has been almost universally recognized that the early identification and rehabilitation of the deaf child bring the best results. The principal problem lies in the nature of the rehabilitation recommended. The most common advice is the use of early amplification and instruction in oral speech and lipreading.

Once having discovered their child's deafness, parents naturally wish to help the child have what they believe will be a "normal" life. If they are led to believe that methods exist to do so, will eagerly embrace and support them. It is not until too late that the parents come to another painful realizations teaching speech and speech-reading alone will not develop adequate language comprehension.

It is a universal observation of those who have constructed programs for special groups of young disabled children that unless the parents' emotional needs are adequately dealt with, the programs themselves have limited benefit for the children.