Министерство культуры Российской Федерации
Тульский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного
учреждения высшего профессионального образования
«Московский государственный университет культуры и искусств»
Кафедра Режиссуры
Реферат
По дисциплине «Английский язык»
На тему: Жизнь и режиссёрская деятельность Стенли Кубрика
Исполнитель:
студент(ка) 2 курса специальности «Режиссура
ртп»
Чуков Алексей
Проверил: ФИО ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯ
Тула - 2014
Contents
1. Intro……………………………………………………………………………3
2. Early life……………………………………………………………………….4
3. Photographic career……………………………………………………………5
4. Film career……………………………………………………………………..6 5.Life……………………………………………………………………………...20
5.1 Personal life ………………………………………………………..................20
5.2 Death………………………………………………………………………….22
6. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..24
1.Intro
Stanley Kubrick (/ˈkuːbrɪk/; July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, and editor who worked predominantly in the United Kingdom. Part of the New Hollywood film-making wave, he is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential directors of all time. His films, typically adaptations of novels or short stories, are noted for their "dazzling" and unique cinematography, attention to detail in the service of realism, and the evocative use of music. Kubrick's films covered a variety of genres, including war, crime, literary adaptations, romance, black comedies, horror, epic and science fiction. Kubrick was also noted for being a demanding perfectionist, using painstaking care with scene staging, camera-work and coordinating extremely closely both with his actors and his off-screen collaborators.
Starting out as a photographer in New York City, Kubrick taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school. His earliest films were made on a tight budget, followed by the Hollywood blockbuster, Spartacus; he spent most of the rest of his career living and filming in the United Kingdom. His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire (north of and near to London) became his workplace where he did his writing, research, editing and management of production details. This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control of his films, but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios.
Many of his films broke new ground in cinematography, including 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), a science-fiction film which director Steven Spielberg called his generation's "big bang", with innovative visual effects and scientific realism. For Barry Lyndon (1975), Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA in order to film scenes under natural candlelight and The Shining (1980) was among the first feature films to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots. As with his earlier shorts, Kubrick was the cinematographer and editor on the first two of his thirteen feature films. He directed, produced and wrote all or part of the screenplays for nearly all his films.
While some of Kubrick's films were controversial with initially mixed reviews, such as Paths of Glory (1957), Lolita (1962), and A Clockwork Orange (1971), most of his films were nominated for Oscars, Golden Globes or BAFTAs. Film historian Michel Ciment considers his films to be "among the most important contributions to world cinema in the twentieth century" while director Norman Jewison calls him one of the "great masters" that America has produced.
2.Early life
Kubrick was born on July 26, 1928, in The Bronx, the first of two children to Jewish parents Jacob Leonard Kubrick (1902–85), known as Jack or Jacques, and his wife Sadie Gertrude Kubrick (née Perveler; 1903–85). Kubrick's sister, Barbara Mary, was born in May 1934. Jack Kubrick, whose parents and paternal grandparents were of Polish, Austrian, and Romanian ancestry, was a doctor. At Stanley's birth, the Kubricks lived at 2160 Clinton Avenue in the Bronx.6. Kubrick biographer Geoffrey Cocks writes that although Kubrick's family were not religious, his parents had been married in a Jewish ceremony.
A friend of Kubrick's family notes that although Jack Kubrick was a prominent doctor, Stanley and his mother were unpretentious.24 As a boy, Kubrick was considered "bookish" and generally uninterested in activities in his Bronx neighborhood. Many of his neighborhood friends would later help him in his early films, including writing the music scores and scripts.
When Kubrick was 12, his father taught him chess, which remained a lifelong obsession and appeared in many scenes in his films. Kubrick explained that chess helped him develop "patience and discipline" in making decisions.11 At the age of 13, Kubrick's father bought him a Graflex camera, triggering a fascination with still photography. He learned to develop his own photos in a darkroom and began shooting candids on the streets of New York. He also began going to cinemas and studying film technique. Kubrick had little success at school and his father was disappointed in his failure to achieve academic excellence.
Kubrick attended William Howard Taft High School between 1941–1945 (one of his classmates was Edith Gormezano, later known as the singer Eydie Gorme). He joined the school's photography club which required him to photograph the school's events for their magazine. Even so, Kubrick continued to struggle academically, achieving only a 67 grade average. According to his English teacher, Kubrick was interested in literature from an early age,23 but had a poor attendance record and often skipped school to watch double-feature films.15 He graduated in 1945, but his poor grades, combined with the demand for college admissions from soldiers returning from the Second World War, eliminated hope of higher education. Later in life, Kubrick spoke disdainfully of his education and of education in general, maintaining that nothing about school interested him. His parents sent him to live with relatives for a year in Los Angeles in the hope that it would help with his academic growth.