Unit VIII

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам, содержащим интернациональные корни

electricity, volt, watt, business, result, idea, popular, electromagnetic, radio, temperature, radioactivity, optics, photometry, ionizing radiation, version, energy, decade, chemical, spectrometry, microanalysis, acoustics, vibration, mechanical

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь

What is metrology?

Metrology is the scientific study of measurements. Measurements come in all forms. Gemstones can be measured for hardness or carat size. Pieces of wood can be measured for length. Electricity can be measured in amps, volts, and watts.

As early as the 1950s, businesses worldwide determined that there was a need to bring unity to measurement in the manufacturing process. As a result, the International Organization of Legal Metrology was created in 1955. Today, dozens of countries are members of the organization and share a common goal, to unify manufacturing and business throughout the world.

With so many countries competing for the market share of manufacturing business, metrology is essential to keep the market competitive. Having unified measurements can help with repair costs in the future and ensure that products can be used worldwide without difficulty. Many organizations hold international conventions where metrology members can share ideas and concerns, and compare notes. These metrology conventions are becoming a popular means for unifying the wide array of measurements used throughout the world.

Electromagnetic metrology members spend their time unifying the measurements for radio waves, temperature, humidity, radioactivity, DC frequency, fiber optics, photometry, and ionizing radiation. Those who participate in electromagnetic metrology work toward creating a unified version of electrical voltage and currents. Without electromagnetic metrology, every country creating parts for electronic equipment would use different electrical measurements. Products would break down easily or fail to work. Accurate measurements of temperature and humidity are also necessary to prevent energy waste in heating and cooling products.

Over the past decade, there has been an increased need for metrology in chemistry labs. Metrology of chemistry makes it possible to create strong processes for quality control of many goods manufactured worldwide. As pollution controls increase, there is an intense need to regulate worldwide emission controls. Metrology of chemistry helps to ensure that different countries utilize chemicals in a manner that protects the environment. Chemistry metrology helps to define standards to be used in gas/air mixtures, gas analyzers, inorganic materials, spectrometry, and microanalysis.

Mechanical metrology concentrates on standardizing acoustics, force/pressure, vibration, volume, density, and dimensions. As Asian companies begin sweeping the country in terms of inexpensive manufacturing, other companies are relying on mechanical metrology to help them to compete. With a set of standards in place, customers can buy products from any country and know they will be getting parts with universal measurements. This helps to keep repair costs competitive.

Запомните необходимый лексический минимум

metrology	метрология
measurement	измерение, система мер; размер
measure	мера; измерять
unity	единство
International Organization of Legal Metrology	Международная организация законодательной ведомственной метрологии
market share	доля рынка
competitive	конкурентоспособный
international conventions	международные конвенции, международные соглашения

Задание I

А. Подберите эквиваленты к словам, обозначенным цифрами

prevent	участвовать
humidity	сила
DC frequency	давление
electrical voltage	объем
fiber optics	влажность
participate	предотвращать
force	плотность
pressure	размеры
volume	волоконная оптика
density	электрическое напряжение
dimensions	частота постоянного тока

B. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами

manufacturing process	единые измерения
common goal	широкий спектр
unified measurements	расход энергии
repair costs	газоанализаторы
wide array	контроль выхлопных газов
energy waste	производственный процесс
emission control	общая цель
gas analyzers	расходы на ремонт

C. Заполните пропуски, используя предложенные слова или словосочетания

a) fail b) gemstones c) set of standards

d) break down e) essential f) means

g) chemistry labs

1. _______ can be measured for hardness or carat size.

2. Metrology is ________ to keep the market competitive.

3. Metrology conventions are becoming a popular ________ for unifying the wide array of measurements used throughout the world.

4. Products would _______ easily or ______ to work.

5. Over the past decade, there has been an increased need for metrology in _________.

6. With a _______ in place, customers can buy products from any country.

Задание II

А. Заполните пропуски в предложениях соответствующим предлогом

1. Pieces of wood can be measured ____ length.

2. Accurate measurements____ temperature and humidity are also necessary to prevent energy waste.

3. Mechanical metrology concentrates ____ standardizing acoustics, force/pressure, vibration, volume, density, and dimensions.

4. With a set of standards in place, customers know they will be getting parts _____ universal measurements.

5. Chemistry metrology helps to define standards to be used _____ gas/air mixtures.

6. Having unified measurements can ensure that products can be used worldwide ______ difficulty.

7. Dozens of countries share a common goal, to unify manufacturing and business ______ the world.

8. Those who participate in electromagnetic metrology work ______ creating a unified version of electrical voltage and currents.

B. Найдите подлежащее и сказуемое в следующих предложениях. Определите время, вид и залог сказуемых

1. The International Organization of Legal Metrology was created in 1955.

2. Having unified measurements can help with repair costs in the future.

3. Without electromagnetic metrology, every country creating parts for electronic equipment would use different electrical measurements.

4. Over the past decade, there has been an increased need for metrology in chemistry labs.

5. This helps to keep repair costs competitive.

6. As pollution controls increase, there is an intense need to regulate worldwide emission controls.

C. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых использован модальный глагол can, переведите их

D. Найдите в тексте неличные формы глагола и сложные конструкции с инфинитивом

Задание III

А. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is metrology?

2. What forms of measurements do you know?

3. When was the International Organization of Legal Metrology created?

4. Why is metrology so important in business?

5. In what field do electromagnetic metrology members work?

6. What is the role of metrology in chemistry?

7. What does mechanical metrology concentrate on?

B. Расположите пункты плана в логической последовательности на основании содержания текста

1. Metrology conventions.

2. Metrology of chemistry.

3. Mechanical metrology.

4. The International Organization of Legal Metrology.

5. Electromagnetic metrology.

6. Metrology as the scientific study of measurements.

C. Выберите предложение, смысл которого противоречит содержанию текста

1. International conventions can help to share ideas and concerns, and to compare notes.

2. Electromagnetic metrology members spend their time unifying the measurements for standardizing acoustics, force/pressure, vibration, volume, density, and dimensions.

3. Metrology of chemistry makes it possible to regulate emission controls worldwide.

Задание IV

Выполните письменный перевод абзаца текста, начинающегося предложением

Electromagnetic metrology members spend their time…

II. МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ

САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

TEXT I

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Quality management, also known as quality control, is a system used by all types of businesses all around the world. This type of management system can help any type of business provide consumers with the best product and/or service possible by coordinating its activities, which leads to an increase in its effectiveness and efficiency. There are many different types of quality management systems utilized by businesses. Through these types of systems, a business can monitor and measure the quality of its products and/or services being offered to consumers. An effective quality management system helps a business to increase its competitive edge, augment its organizational development, highlight its customer satisfaction, and more.

Through quality management, a business finds that it is able to gain a competitive edge because it can better understand all of its operational processes. Understanding operational processes enables a business to improve them, which, in turn, allows for innovation and enhancing of the quality of its products and/or services being offered to consumers. Some of the most commonly utilized quality control process improvement tools are process mapping, brainstorming, scatter diagrams, control charts, and force field analyses. These tools help an organization’s employees to stay creative and productive, which increases a business’ competitive edge. It is important for a business to carefully choose what quality management tools it uses, as different types of businesses will use different types of systems.

Organizational development is improved for businesses that utilize a quality control system. This increase in development stems from all organizational employees staying aware of their organization’s product and/or service quality. The more focused and educated an organization’s employees stay about quality, the higher quality the organization’s products and/or services will be. Quality management systems also lead to quality planning, which leads to an improvement in employee communication skills, a broadening of employee skills and knowledge, as well as an increase in organizational flexibility. These systems also improve an organization’s internal customer/supplier relationships.

One of the most valued aspects of utilizing a quality management system is that it leads to an increase in customer satisfaction. This type of system increases a business’ ability to reduce the waiting time of its consumers, improve its delivery and shipping methods, as well as increase its customer loyalty. The higher the rate of customer loyalty a business has, the higher its profit levels will be. A quality control system is able to analyze the experiences of existing and past customers to meet existing and potential customers’ expectations. Meeting customers’ expectations is the key element in providing superb customer satisfaction.