Unit IV

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам, содержащим интернациональные корни

structure, statistic, administrative, inspection, advocate, credit, system, identify, ideas, variation, quotas

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь

The deming approach

Moving beyond strategy and organizational structure, W. Edwards Deming has emphasized the role that management should take in quality improvement. Deming defines quality as continuous improvement of a stable system. This definition emphasizes two things. First, all systems (administrative, design, production, and sales) must be stable in a statistical sense. This requires that measurements be taken of quality attributes throughout the company and monitored over time. If these measurements have a constant variance around a constant average, the system is stable. The second aspect of Deming’s definition is continuous improvement of the various systems to reduce variation and better meet the customer’s needs.

Deming stresses that top executives should manage for the long-run and not sacrifice quality for short-run profits. Deming believes that excessive attention to quarterly profit reports and short-run objectives has distracted top management from focusing on customer service and long-run quality improvement. He also argues, as others do, that management should cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality and stress prevention of defects instead. Deming suggests that this should be accomplished by the training of all employees, good supervision, and use of statistical procedures.

Deming goes on to exhort management to break down barriers between departments and to encourage people to work together to produce quality products and services. He thinks that many of the work standards, individual performance pay systems, and quotas used by companies get in the way of cooperation among individuals and departments and thus impede quality im­provement.

Deming has been a strong advocate of statistical process control ideas. Quality cannot be improved by trying harder. Workers and managers must have the proper tools to identify causes of variation, to control variation, and to reduce variation in the product.

Deming has successfully taught his ideas to the Japanese and is credited, along with Juran, with helping to improve quality in Japanese industry. The Japanese attribute much of their success to American ideas, which they have thoroughly implemented. Lately, American industry is also rediscovering many of these basic ideas and is once again stressing quality as a key to survival and success.

Now that we have covered some definitions of quality, its impact on strategy, and management principles, we will move into more details on how to manage quality. This will involve measuring the cost of quality and implementing programs to improve quality by “doing it right the first time”.

Запомните необходимый лексический минимум

monitor	наставлять, рекомендовать
executive	руководитель, администратор
excessive	чрезмерный
sacrifice	приносить в жертву, жертвовать
cease	останавливать, приостанавливать
prevention	предотвращение, предупреждение
accomplish	завершать, доводить до конца
exhort	убеждать, предупреждать
encourage	ободрить, поощрить
impede	препятствовать, затруднять (общение)
implement	выполнять, осуществлять
survival	выживание; выживаемость; жизнеспособность
involve	включать, вовлекать, содержать
impact	влияние, воздействие

Задание I

А. Подберите эквиваленты к словам, обозначенным цифрами

instead	функционирование
credit	средний, средняя величина
average	вместе с, одновременно
along with	зависимость
dependence	достигать, добиваться
quarterly	сокращать; уменьшать
achieve	вместо, взамен
performance	вера; доверие
reduce	раз в квартал

B. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами

the proper tools	характеристики качества
doing it right the first time	препятствовать улучшению качественных показателей
implement program	устранять барьеры
pay system	оказывать поддержку людям
quality attributes	платежная система
encourage people	повышать качество
break down barriers	соответствующие инструменты
impede quality improvement	выполнить программу
improve quality	сдача продукции первого предъявления

C. Заполните пропуски, используя предложенные слова или словосочетания

a) prevention b) understand c) implement d) monitor e) proper f) attribute g) share

1. The quality planner determines which _____ are important to fitness for use and which are not.

2. _____ of defects is less costly than correction of errors after the fact.

3. The quality of design can be established through _____ training, supervision, machine maintenance and inspection.

4. The purpose of quality team is to _____ the quality program throughout the company.

5. Managers should meet periodically to _____ ideas and to communicate with each other about their respective programs.

6. American Express has followed the classical quality management cycle to _____ and improve quality.

7. Under Deming’s way, the manager ____ that he needs the workers not only to do the work but to help him to improve the system.

Задание II

А. Руководствуясь текстом, соотнесите слова правого и левого столбца

1. break a) on (×3)

2. focus b) with

3. along c) into

4. move d) down

5. go e) in

6. impact

7. get

B. Употребите as или than в данных ниже предложениях

1. Ford astonished the world in 1914 by offering a $5 per day wage, which more ____ doubled the rate of most of his workers.

2. Quality management uses quality assurance and control of processes as well ____ products to achieve more consistent quality.

3. It is easier and often more effective to make small improvements ____ to make major transformational changes.

4. It is important not to underestimate the people factors such ____ culture in selecting quality improvement approaches.

5. People, process and products are considered together rather ____ independent factors in quality management.

6. Within six weeks some of the industrialists productivity gains of as much ____ 30 per cent without purchasing any new equipment.

7. Deming’s way is therefore more ____ just attention to quality control.

C. Найдите в тексте предложения с модальными глаголами и переведите их

Задание III

А. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is Deming’s definition of quality?

2. What aspects does Deming’s definition of quality

emphasize?

3. What key principles for managers are mentioned in this

text?

4. In what country did Deming successfully realize his ideas first?

5. Did American industry implement many of these basic

ideas?

B. Завершите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста

1. ____ is the ability of a product or service to meet customer’s expectations for that product or service.

2. Deming defines quality as ____.

3. A stable system requires measurements of quality attributes to have a constant variance around a ____.

4. Deming emphasizes that top-level management should govern for the long-run and not ____ quality for short-run profits.

5. Deming has supported ____ control ideas.

6. Deming is widely credited with improving production in the United States during World War II, although he is perhaps best known for his work in ____.

7. American industry is also finding many of Deming’s ideas again and considers quality to be a key to ____ and success.

C. Определите, являются ли истинными данные ниже утверждения

1. Deming gives a short description of quality as a constant development of a stable system.

2. Deming denies the important role of management in quality improvement.

3. Deming persuades management to unite the work of departments to produce quality products and services.

4. Deming supports the ideas of a statistical process control.

5. Deming’s ideas has influenced greatly the improvement of quality in Japanese industry.

6. Top management in American industry absolutely ignored the Deming approach ideas.

7. Measuring the cost of quality will help the industry to manage quality.

Задание IV

Составьте краткий пересказ текста и воспроизведите его

Unit V

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам, содержащим интернациональные корни

conflict, major, transform, regular, correct, cabinet, result, dealer, prior, concept, method

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь