2. Ask questions to each other about biography. Reading and writing

Academic style: Description: process and procedure.

When we describe a process or procedure, we often use present passive verb forms is/are+ verb stem+ed) to give a general description.

When we report a particular procedure, we are concerned with only one, particular occasion in the past; then we often use the past passive tense.

A description that does not involve a process or procedure is often written in the present simple active tense.

When describing a process, sequence markers (first, then, next, finally) are often used. Sometimes in order to avoid repeating a subject, a relative pronoun may be used.

1. Read the sentences, find the verbs and define its tense:

Cartilage forms the major part of bone in the very young. The body changes carbohydrates into fats and stores them in that form. The heart functions as an effective pump. Many factors influence the activity with which drugs operate.

Listening and speaking

I. Fill each gap using one of the following auxiliary verbs. They may be used in more than one place.

Were, will, has been, was, would

Inventions: antibiotics

This key breakthrough in medical history (1) … probably never happened if Alexander Fleming had (2) … more careful about keeping his laboratory clean! He left a glass plate coated with bacteria lying around and a passing mould spore on it and performed its amazing bacterium-killing act. That was in 1918, but it took another 11 years before the mould’s magic killer ingredient, penicillin, (3) … found. This first antibiotic (4) … since saved millions of lives and is perhaps the single most important discovery known to medical science.

II. Before watching study the new vocabulary:

Battle fields casualties – пострадавшие во время сражений

Richly fertilized fields in microorganisms – поля, богатые микроорганизмами

Mould – плесень

Culture plate – чашка со средой для выращивания бактерий

Petri dish – чашка Петри

To confirm suspicion – подтвердить догадку

III. After watching answer the following questions:

1) What event broke out at the beginning of the Fleming’s career?

2) How many years was Fleming searching for anything that could kill bacteria?

3) Where did Fleming go for summer holidays?

4) What did Fleming discover in the culture plate with mould growing in it?

5) Was penicillin harmful for human blood cells?

6) Why was not penicillin working in the open wound?

Discussion

IV. Write a brief summary of the text.

Brief Biography. I am a researcher in Biomedicine. My broad interest is in how cellular immunology and biochemistry can be integrated to understand therapeutic approaches in a better way. I graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, India with a PhD in Biosciences and Bioengineering. I did postdoctoral research in UMRS 872 Equipe 16, INSERM, PARIS, France, wherein I focused to understand the genesis of immune response against therapeutic factor VIII in hemophilia A patients with various model systems. I co-authored several peer-reviewed research articles and review articles in reputed international journals. I presented my work in several international conferences on Immunology, Hematology and Glycobiology. My work formed the basis of various projects in our laboratory and resulted in two patients.

I was a member of the European Macrophage and Dendritic cell Society (EMDS) and have been invited to review research and review articles from several journals viz. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology & Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. I have won Young investigator travel award from several international societies and companies which include EMDS, International Congress of Immunology and Tebu-Bio and Novo-Nordisk, Currently I have shifted to Boston where I am working as an instructor at Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. I am working on understanding how components of commensal microflora can induce immunomodulation.

3) Brief Biography of the Speaker: Maria A. Pilinskaya is Head of Cytogenetic’s laboratory of Department of medical genetics at Research Centre for radiation medicine, Ukraine. Her scientific interests are:

Assessment of mutagenic effects and genetic hazard of environmental factors for human health; biological indication and dosimetry of human radiation exposure; evaluation of nearest and delayed post Chemobyl cytogenetic effects in human, elaboration of cytogenetic criteria (especially cytogenetic oncomarkers) for the selection of risk groups. She is author or co-author over 350 scientific papers published in native and foreign reviewed journals or presented at domestic and international conferences. She is co-author of Russian-English Dictionary-Reference Book “Radiation Cytogenetics” (2009). She had the opportunity to work on probation in the field of FISH-WCP technique at Livermore National Laboratory, USA. She is a member of European Cytogenetisists Association.