- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study the word list:
- •II. Read and translate the text. What is Life?
- •III. What is missing? Find the words in reading:
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •Grammar and speaking:
- •III. Compare two Voices and translate sentences:
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Read the text below. Are Viruses Alive?
- •II. Take part in the discussion of the virus role for the disease origin. Listening and Speaking
- •1. Listen and answer the questions: Text 3 What is life? The physicist who sparked a revolution in biology
- •Test yourself
- •Exams situation
- •4. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Remember the combination in order to write and speak correctly:
- •Over to you
- •Reading and writing Academic style. Structure and Cohesion
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study wordlist
- •I. Read and translate the text. Preface
- •II. What is missing? Find the words in reading:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Choose the correct answer:
- •V. Grammar and speaking:
- •Vocabulary to the text below
- •The role of theory in question formulation
- •Reading and speaking
- •1. Here are some brief biographies of the prominent scientists. Read and translate them.
- •2. Ask questions to each other about biography. Reading and writing
- •Listening and speaking
- •I. Fill each gap using one of the following auxiliary verbs. They may be used in more than one place.
- •Inventions: antibiotics
- •II. Before watching study the new vocabulary:
- •III. After watching answer the following questions:
- •Discussion
- •IV. Write a brief summary of the text.
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •II. Take part in the discussion of recent advances in clinical biology based on the text:
- •Plenary Lecture 15
- •Role of Professional Antigen Presenting Cells in the Genesis of Immune Response to Protein Therapeutics
- •Dr. Suryararathi Dasgupta
- •III. What are the main advances? Express your opinion using phrases: It’s rather surprising, I wonder about, I’d like to stress. Test yourself
- •2. Read, translate sentences. Find the verbs in Active and Passive Voice:
- •3. Read the text. Define the verbs used in different Tenses. How are processes and procedures described.
- •Exams situation
- •Lesson 3 Topic: Teaching activity of a scientist
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study the wordlist:
- •II. Read and translate the text. Medical student education in the United States of America
- •III. Answer the questions?
- •IV. Try to activate the new vocabulary in the following tasks:
- •V. Pay attention to different cases of using words:
- •23 Cases of using ‘hands-on’ from 118. Try to choose the meaning:
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Department Obstetrics Gynecology
- •IV. Read the text. What means of teaching are used?
- •Types of examination
- •V. Discuss the process of teaching and learning. Reading and speaking
- •Listening and writing
- •I. Try to understand the text and answer questions.
- •II. Listen to the text writing down English equivalents for the following Russian words and expressions.
- •III. Write down the main idea of the report.
- •Over to you Exam’s situation
- •Lesson 4 Topic: Curriculum Development. Curriculum Overview and Organisation
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and study the wordlist:
- •II. Read and translate the text.
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •V. Pay attention to the importance of words and collocation.
- •VI. Try to use the new vocabulary in your own sentences and questions. Grammar and speaking
- •I. Some information about future tenses:
- •II. Pay attention to the use of the future construction. Compose your own sentences.
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Read and translate the text. Dmd Programm
- •II. Read the sentences in the text which imply the ideas:
- •Listening and speaking
- •Reading and writing Some common types of error
- •Comparative constructions
- •Showing non-equivalence
- •Over to you
- •Exams situation
- •Lesson 5 Topic: Specialities. How to become a good specialist and to develop professional experience?
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Study the text. Choosing a specialty
- •III. Here is a random selection of more than 20 solutions from the 4864 found. Translate them.
- •Grammar and speaking
- •II. Look through the text. How possibility, capacity or ability, impossibility, probability, opinions, volition wanting are expressed?
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Look through the lists of qualifications.
- •Listening and writing
- •Writing tips
- •III. Read the following notes and write a reply of around 200 words.
- •Exam’s situation
- •Lesson 6 Topic: Recent advances in medicine. Narrow field of investigation.
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •1. Read and translate the text from the field of recent advances in clinical medicine.
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Reading and speaking
- •1. Read and translate the text from the section. “Recent advances in clinical medicine”:
- •2. Use the following words in sentences of your own:
- •III. Comment on the basic points of the text using phrases:
- •IV. Give more information on the medical problems highlighted in the text. Reading and writting
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •I. Write a brief summary of the text
- •II. Translate the following statements and share your opinion on them.
- •III. Translate the abstract.
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •2. Read and try to remember.
- •3. Complete the table with words from a and b opposite. The first one has been done for you.
- •4. Make word combinations using a word from each box. Look at b and c opposite to help you.
- •5. Complete the conversation. Look at b opposite to help you.
- •6. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Look at b and c opposite to help you.
- •Remember the vocabulary:
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Shall and should in use
- •Reading and speaking
- •Reading and writing
- •Over to you:
- •Lesson 8 Topic: Symptoms and signs. Diagnosis and treatment
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •1. Read and translate the text The Pancreas and Diabetes
- •Grammar and speaking
- •Grammar in Use. Passives and pseudo-passives
- •Reading and speaking
- •1. Pay attention to the ways of describing problems:
- •Reading and writing
- •Lesson 9 medical recent techniques
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •1. Read and translate the text. Therapeutic Angiogenesis: How Does it Work?
- •Grammar and speaking Position of adverb (grammar in use). Infinitive
- •Introduction
- •Listening and speaking Angiogenesis
- •Reading and writing
- •Case Study 16-3: Diabetes Treatment with an Insulin Pump
- •2. Case study questions
- •Lesson 10 How to start a research. Types of studies. Areas of medical researches in medicine
- •Vocabulary and reading
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •Variables
- •II. Complete the table with words:
- •III. Complete the sentences with a word from the text.
- •Grammar and speaking
- •4. The construction “rather than” is translated as «а не».
- •Reading and speaking
- •I. Read and try to understand the text “All about clinical trials”. All About Clinical Trials
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Write down English equivalents:
- •I. Try to learn the given abstract by heart.
- •II. Write down the algorithm of the research being undertaken. Reading and writing
- •IV. Write a brief summary of the text.
- •V. There are the following means of data presentation:
- •VI. Some people feel that approximating is unscientific. What do you think?
- •VII. Line graphs. Pie charts:
- •VIII. Practise describing the chart. Medical research
- •Over to you
Reading and speaking
1. Pay attention to the ways of describing problems:
A. Describing problems
The problems which a patient reports to the doctor are called symptoms, for example pain or nausea. Signs are what the doctor finds, also known as findings, on examining the patient, for example high blood pressure or a rapid pulse rate. Symptoms are also known as complaints. To report a patient’s symptoms or complaints, doctors say:
Mr Farnsworth was admitted complaining of chest pain.
In case notes, the abbreviation c/o is used: c/o chest pain
B. Presentation
Patients say they went to (see) the doctor; doctors say the patient presented. The symptom which causes a patient to visit a doctor – or to present – is called the presenting symptom, presenting complaint or presentation.
His (presenting symptom, presenting complaint) was chest pain.
He presented to his GP with chest pain.
The usual presentation is chest pain.
C. Talking about symptoms
Symptom |
Meaning |
Patients say |
tiredness lethargy fatigue lassitude |
loss of energy |
I feel tired all the time. I feel completely worn out. Lately I’ve been feeling completely exhausted at the end of the day. |
malaise |
general feeling of being unwell |
I feel unwell. I don’t feel well. I’ve been feeling off-colour for two days. I haven’t been feeling myself for a week. I’ve been out of sorts all day. |
anorexia |
loss of appetite |
My appetite is very poor. I’ve been off my food for days. |
weight gain |
increase in weight |
I’ve put on eight kilos in the last year. I’ve gained five kilos. |
weight loss |
decrease in weight |
I’m not eating any less than usual but I’ve lost a lot or weight recently. |
constipation |
hard, infrequent faeces |
My motions are very hard. I’ve been quite constipated lately. I’m not very regular. |
Note: The verb feel is also used with other adjectives, such as hot, cold, nervous, anxious, dizzy, weak – She said she felt dizzy.
Complete the table with words from C opposite. Put a stress mark in front of the stressed in each word. The first one has been done for you.
Noun |
Adjective |
ex haustion |
|
fatigue |
|
lethargy |
|
tiredness |
|
Make word combinations using a word from each box. Look at A, B and C opposite to help you.
complain with
off of
out of out
present on
put colour
worn sorts
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb present.
1. A 67-year-old man ________ with a 9-month history of increasing shortness of breath.
2. The most common __________ is loss of consciousness.
3. Cranial arteritis may _________ as fever without any obvious causes.
4. The patient usually ___________ with a severe sore throat.
5. The _____________ symptoms in this patient could perhaps be due to renal failure.
6. Other conditions with a similar ___________ include acure cholecystitis.
7. Reduced growth is an important ______________complaint of celiac disease.
8. Two months following ___________, the patient was able to walk.
Read the patient’s description of her symptoms then complete the case report. Look at C opposite to help you.
I was well until a few months ago. In the beginning, I just felt off-colour and a bit tired. But lately I’ve been feeling completely worn out at the end of the day. I’m not eating any more than usual but I’ve put on nine kilos in the last year. My motions are hard and my hair has started to fall our.
Case 13. A 50-year-old housewife, who had been well until four months previously,
(1) ____________________ of tiredness and
(2) ____________________, She had (3) _________________
9 kg in weight in the year before she
(4) ___________________to her GP although she denied eating more than usual. She was (5) ________________and she noticed that her hair had started to fall out.
2. Read and translate the text (стр. 500, Берзегова).
3. Comment on the basic points of the text using active phrases.
4. Learn the definition of the following special terms (cтр. 504).
5. Summarise the chapter “Carcinoid” using the introductory expressions.
I’d like to commen on ……
The major cause of … is
The major result … is
Another reason for … is
Another cure for … might be
I wish to stress the extreme importance of …
In conclusion …