Ex. 13. Find in Text 1.2, translate and memorize the following words and word combinations. SatellitecomTnunications. good exam passes, admission, interview, competition, department, finals, degree. Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, foundation, to increase, expansion, university curriculum, to extend, staff, separate colleges, to provide.

Ex. 14. Match the words with their definitions.

1. admission e) staff

2. finals f) to provide

3. interview g) competition

4. to increase h) innovation

1. A formal meeting at which somebody is asked questions to see if they are suitable for a course of study at a college, university.

2. The act of accepting somebody into an institution.

3. An event in which people compete with each other to find out who is the best at something.

4. To become or to make something greater in amount, number, value.

5. The last exams taken by university students at the end of their final year.

6. The introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something.

7. The people who work at college or university but do not teach students.

8. To give something to somebody or make it available for them to use.

Ex. 15. Read Text 1.2 “Higher Education in Great Britain”. While reading it, find the answers to the following questions.

1. Is it easy to enter a higher educational establishment in Great Britain?

2. Are British universities self-governed?

3. What are the oldest and most famous British universities?

TEXT 1.2 HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

There are now 46 universities in Great Britain, 36 of which are in England, 8 in Scotland, 1 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales. There are also over 700 technical colleges teaching everything from engineering to satellite communications. Many other types of training colleges include art schools, colleges of education, and commercial colleges. To enter a higher educational establishment in Great Britain good exam passes alone are not enough. Admission to universities is by interviews, and competition for places is fierce.

A University consists of a number of departments: medicine, arts, philosophy, law, music, natural science, economics, engineering, agriculture and education. After 3 or 4 years of studies students take their finals. Most of them (over 90 per cent will get a first, second and third class degree and be able to put BA (Bachelor of Arts) or BSc (Bachelor of Science) after their names.

English Universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in the date of foundation, history, traditions, general organization, government, methods of instructions, types of faculties, ways of student life, etc. Each University has its own problems; each looks in its own way.

However, there are a number of tendencies, which are common to them all. The first is the increase in number of students that leads to the expansion of the universities. On the whole British Universities are small. Most of them have under 3,000, some even less than 1,500 students.

The second tendency is the increase in student numbers studying technical sciences. The third factor is the tendency of university curriculum to extend. We can see the further development of postgraduate courses. Some Universities have extra-mural departments.

Universities govern themselves, although they receive most of the money from the government. They are private, independent, responsible only to its own governing council. The Department of Education has no control over rules, curriculum, exams, staff, or the way they spend money.

The oldest and most famous Universities are Oxford and Cambridge (Oxbridge for short). They are made of separate colleges where students live and work. Other universities, like Manchester or Bristol do not have separate colleges. These and some other universities are called "Redbrick universities" because of their building material. The difference between Oxbridge and "Redbrick universities" was a class one. '"Redbrick universities" provided education for poorer people. There are also some new universities founded after World War П.

The Open university is the most interesting innovation. It was founded in 1964 to give an opportunity for those above normal student age to get higher education. No formal academic qualification is necessary to enter this university, but the standards of its degrees are the same as of other universities. The Open university is a non- residential university. In teaching it uses a combination of TV and radio broadcasts, correspondent courses and summer schools; there is a network of listening and viewing centres.

Ex. 16. Choose the right word or word combination.

1. Competition for places in British universities is ... a) fierce b) insignificant c) absent

2. Cambridge is one of... of British universities.

a) the most famous b) the smallest c) the youngest

3. All British universities are ... a) large b) small c) poor

4. The number of students studying technical sciences is... a) increasing b) decreasing c) on the same level

5. “Red brick universities” are called because of...

a) their location b) their curriculum c) their building material

6. The Open university is a ... university, a) residential b) non-residential c) private

Ex. 17. Answer the following questions.

1. What higher educational establishments are there in Great Britain?

2. How many universities are there in Great Britain?

3. What do technical colleges teach?

4. What departments are there in British university?

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7. What are the tendencies common to British universities?

8. What are “Redbrick universities”?

9: When was the Open university founded?

10. What does a “non-residential university” mean?

Ex. 18. Using Text 1.2, speak on the topic “Higher Education in Great Britain”.

Student’s life

The demand for competent specialists has grown greatly in our time and that is why the governments all over the world show constant concern for the development of higher education.

There are now thousands of students studying at Universities and Institutes of Higher Education. Those who call themselves "students" will start working tomorrow and their knowledge will largely determine the country’s future.

According to the dictionary, the Latin word "student" means "one devoted to learning" Indeed, the chief task of a student is to learn. Students are very busy people; they work hard to become good specialists.

Higher education is provided by universities, academies, specialized and polytechnic institutes. Tuition rests on a board scientific basis; lectures on theory are combined with practical classes. The early years are devoted to general science. In the first and second years there is a common curriculum for all related faculties. Specialization usually begins in the third or fourth year. There are foreign languages and physical training classes at all institutes and universities. At the end of each term students take tests on practical work and examinations on theory. After graduating all students receive diplomas qualifying them as specialists in a given field.

But at the classes students do not only master the program material of higher educational establishment. At the same time they cultivate habits of researches. They have every opportunity to carry out their researching. Their teachers - very often outstanding scientists - help them in their workjMany of them are well-known not only in this country, but also abroad ;

But our students do not'only study, but also take part in public life. Student councils and various societies are in charge of the social activities of students; they organize the system of self-management at higher schools and hostels, arrange rest and recreation facilities.

There are many societies and clubs, enough for every interest one could imagine. Students organize auctions and fairs, participate in amateur concerts. There are political, sporting, foreign languages and dramatic societies. Students take part in debates and forums, which are sometimes broadcast, reflecting what the youth is thinking and feeling.

Students go on excursions. They are fond of visiting museums and ait galleries. Almost all students go in for sports. Many higher educational establishments have stadiums, gyms, swimming pools and game areas. Some students work in summer to earn money and get experience. Thus young people try to make the best of their student years.

1. Read and translate the text

2. Find synonyms to the words in bold letters: s

A possibility, training, a document that shows you have finished the course of study, to use as good as possible, to have an effect, non-professional, a tendency to do certain things, care, better than others, main, to show, on TV, knowledge and skills, to become perfect in sth.

/3. Learn the words.

If4. Find Participles I and Participles II. What are their functions?

| 5. Find Gerunds. What are their functions?

6. Paraphrase the following sentences with the help of the modals.

Model: The government shows constant concern for the development of higher education, (must) - The government must show constant concern for the development of higher education.

1. Students are very busy people, (can) 2.They work hard to become good specialists, (must) 3. The early years are devoted to general science, (may) 4.In the first and second years there is a common curriculum for all related faculties, (must) 5.There are foreign languages and physical training classes at all institutes and universities, (must)