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II.* Замените выделенные слова близкими по значению:

1. In our country prophylactic vaccination is carried out against a number of infectious diseases, (preventive, supportive) 2. Before making a blood trans­fusion the blood group is to be determined, (to be obtained, to be established) 3. Jaundice may result from the impairment of the common bile duct, (to be due to, to result in) 4. The pain was stated to radiate to the left arm and shoul­der, (to spread to, to lead to) 5. The temperature was known to have risen suddenly at the onset of the attack, (to have decreased, to have elevated) 6. The incidence of this disease varies in different age groups, (changes, exchanges)

III. Составьте из двух предложений одно, употребляя данные в скобках союзы и глаголы в соответствующем времени:

1. The infection will not appear, (if) The instruments ... adequately, (to re­move, to sterilize, to eliminate) 2. Certain viruses will be destroyed, (as soon as) The temperature of the substance ... to 100°C. (to elevate, to exclude, to sup­port) 3. Bile will enter the lymph flow, (after) The degeneration of the hepatic cells and damage to the bile ducts .... (to diminish, to support, to occur)

IV. Переведите следующие предложения, используя самостоя­тельный причастный оборот (письменно):

1. Так как была первая неделя гепатита, то инфекция была особенно заразна. 2. Когда была сделана срочная операция по поводу гангренозного аппендицита, у больного были сняты все болезненные симптомы. 3. Когда обильное желудочное кровотечение было остановлено, была устранена опасность для жизни больного.

V. Запомните чтение следующих слов. Найдите их перевод ниже: cholecystitis [,kr>hsis'taitis], intrahepatic [,mtr3hi'p3Stik], extrahepatic

[,ekstrahi'paetik], hypochondrium [,haip3(u)'krjndri3m], umbilical |>mbi'laik3l], peritoneum [,pent3(u)'ni:3m], chemotherapy [,кетэ(и)'9егэр1]

216

брюшина, холецистит, воспаление желчного пузыря, химиотерапия, лекарственная терапия, внутрипеченочный, пупочный, подреберная об­ласть, подреберье, внепеченочный

VI. Выучите следующие слова:

constipation [,krjnsti'peijh] n запор

irritation [,in'teijh] n раздражение

approximately [s'proksimitli] adv примерно, приблизительно

emergency [i'm3:d33nsi] n неотложный случай; а срочный, неотложный

VII. 1. Прочитайте текст С. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения а) с самостоятельным причастным оборотом; б) со сложным подлежа­щим. 3. Выпишите слова с суффиксами '-ity', '-ize', '-ness', '-ency'. 4. Назовите все симптомы острого холецистита. 5. Выпишите англий­ские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

сильная боль, боль усиливается, у совершенно здоровых людей, тяже­лое течение, чрезвычайно опасна для жизни

Text С. Acute Cholecystitis

Among inflammatory diseases of bile ducts the most frequent is cholecysti­tis or the inflammation of the gallbladder. Cholecystitis is known to occur rarely in isolated condition, inflammatory processes both in the intrahepatic and extra-hepatic ducts, sometimes with the involvement of the liver being associated with it. The main forms of cholecystitis are the following: catarrhal, purulent and gangrenous.

The patient with cholecystitis is known to complain of intense pain, it being localized in the right hypochondrium and in the umbilical area. An attack of pain is usually preceded by physical and mental overstrain, sharp physical move­ments or abnormalities in diet, fatty food and alcohol being responsible for the onset of pain. But sometimes pain is observed to appear suddenly in quite healthy persons. Pain may radiate to the right shoulder, right arm, sternum, and lumbar area, its intensity depending on the form of cholecystitis and the patient's sensi­tivity. The pain grows much worse when the patient is lying on his right side.

Dryness in the mouth, vomiting, nausea, and constipation are the character­istic clinical manifestations of the dise'ase.

During the attack of pain the face is moist with cold perspiration, the skin is pale, the tongue and lips are dry. Even a slight palpation reveals severe tender­ness, it being due to irritation of the peritoneum. Approximately in 40-50% of cases there is slight jaundice of sclerae.jThe biochemical blood analysis is known to reveal some changes, they resulting from the effect of toxic substances in the liver.

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Purulent form of cholecystitis is highly dangerous to life and requires an emergency operation. An even more severe course is observed in gangrenous cholecystitis. Recovery is achieved by surgical treatment, it being followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy.

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