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VIII. Supply one of known to you words of the same root. Make up sentences using them:

appear, tender, danger, occur, digest, bleed

IX. Explain the following terms:

hypothermia, fibrillation, leucocytosis, a causative agent, anaemia, malaise, pathogenesis, aetiology

X. Translate into Russian:

1. The surgeon did not doubt that he could perform this operation under local anaesthesia. 2. Gangrenous forms of appendicitis are dangerous to life because they may result in peritonitis. 3. The retention of stool may be due to the inflammatory process in the appendix. 4. During the operation the upper lobe of the lung was removed since a malignant tumour had been revealed there. 5. After the attack of acute appendicitis had been controlled the patient com­plained of a moderate tenderness on palpation.

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XI. 1. Read and translate Text f. 2. Put questions to the text. 3. Retell it:

Text F. Acute Appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is known to occur in all age groups. Its incidence varies in different sex groups; it is more frequent in women from 20 to 40 years of age. Cases of appendicitis have been noted to occur even in infants and in very old age.

Acute appendicitis is known to begin suddenly with sharp pain which is at first felt in epigastrium but then becomes generalized in the abdomen. The pain becomes worse on deep breathing in and coughing, it does not radiate and is accompanied by nausea, retention of stools and gases.1'

The temperature is normal or subfebrile and there is moderate leucocytosis. The ESR is initially normal. With the development of the disease temperature el­evation is observed and ESR becomes increased. The pulse is quick but it is found to be not more than 90-100 beats per minute. The tongue is coated and dry.

The attack of acute appendicitis is known to last for 3-4 days. Then the temperature returns to normal, abdominal pains decrease and only a moderate tenderness is felt in the right lower part of the abdomen on palpation.

Acute appendicitis is treated surgically. The operation is performed both under general and under local anaesthesia.

The appendix is removed immediately to prevent its rupture which may result in peritonitis. Such forms of appendicitis as gangrenous and perforating are particularly dangerous to life. But sometimes even a mild form of appendi­citis may take a severe course and to result in perforation.

UNIT 4. THE DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND BILE DUCTS

Грамматика: Самостоятельный причастный оборот.

LESSON 44

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

I. Прочитайте предложения, ответьте на вопросы и выполните задания:

а) Suffering from a severe pain I called in a doctor.

б) My friend suffering from a severe pain, I called in a doctor.

1.* Найдите общее подлежащее в предложениях. 2.* Найдите сказуемое в предложениях. 3.* Какой неличной формой глагола является слово suf-

211fering в предложениях? 4.* Какую синтаксическую функцию выполняет слово suffering в предложениях? 5.* Переведите предложение (а) и скажите, кто страдал от сильной боли и кто вызвал врача. 6.* Кто страдал от сильной боли и вызвал врача в предложении (б)? 7. Следовательно, чем могут слу­жить слова my friend по отношению к причастию suffering, и как надо перевести причастие? (см. с. 276)

П.* Найдите самостоятельный причастный оборот. Предложения переведите:

1. The abdominal incision having been made and the stomach opened, the ulcer was found to involve the posterior wall of the stomach. 2. There being profuse external haemorrhage, the patient was immediately taken to the hospi­tal. 3. The digestion being considerably impaired, the patient constantly com­plained of epigastric pains. '

III.* Укажите, что опущено в самостоятельных причастных оборо­тах. Переведите предложения:

1. The patient's condition better, he was allowed to sit up. 2. The procedure over, the nurse left the ward. 3. The surgeon out, I could not talk to him. 4. The retention of stool noted, the patient was administered a light diet.

IV.* Определите форму причастия в самостоятельном причастном обороте и время глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения:

1. The patient being admitted to the hospital, the doctor on duty examined him in the reception ward. 2. The female having been hospitalized, the general­ized abdominal pain was controlled in three hours. 3. Generalized abdominal pain having increased, the doctor asked the nurse to give the patient another injection.

V.* Найдите самостоятельный причастный оборот. Определите в нем слово, играющее роль подлежащего:

1. The majority of the patients with hepatitis were between the ages of 41 and 55 years, the highest incidence of the disease being between 46 and 50 years. 2. Of the total number of the patients forty-eight have been relieved of digestive symptoms, four having died of other pathologic conditions. 3. Three patients have had symptoms of recurrence, one having died of a gastro-intesti-nal bleeding.

VI. Запомните чтение следующих слов. Найдите их перевод ниже: hepatitis [,hepa'tajtis], viral ['vaiarel], infective [m'fektiv] инфекционный, гепатит {воспаление печени), вирусный

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VII. Выучите следующие слова: hepatic [hi'pastik] а печеночный bile [bail] n жёлчь

duct [dAkt] n проток

jaundice ['d33:ndisj n желтуха, желтушность

advance [ad'vams] v выдвигать (теорию, идею); продвигаться вперед effort ['efst] n усилие elderly f'eldah] а пожилой

survive [sa'varv] v выживать, остаться в живых, уцелеть; перенести (опе­рацию)

source [so:s] n источник entire [m'taia] а весь, целый subsequent ['sAbsikwant] а последующий simultaneous ^simal'teinjas] а одновременный

VIII. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. jaundice ['d3o:ndis]: severe jaundice, to suffer from severe jaundice, jaundice was clearly marked

2. survive [sa'vaiv]: to survive an injury, the patient survived the operation well, some viruses survive at a high temperature

3. source [so:sj: a source of infection, a source of knowledge, the source of virus is a sick person

4. inadequately [m'a;dikwitli]: inadequate, the patient was given an inad­equate dose of medicine, inadequately treated

5. subsequently ['sAbsikwantli]: subsequent, subsequent examination, to invade other organs subsequently

6. simultaneously t^imal'teinjasli]: simultaneous, simultaneous impairment, to be impaired simultaneously

IX. 1. Прочитайте текст А. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения а) с самостоятельным причастным оборотом; б) с причастным оборотом; в) с усилительным оборотом 'it is ... that'. 3. Переведите текст:

Text A. Botkin's Disease

Botkin's disease, or the so-called epidemic or infectious hepatitis, is an acute viral disease affecting hepatic cells and bile ducts.

The prominent German scientist Virchow believing it to be due to obstruc­tion of the common bile duct with mucus during inflammatory processes in the duodenum, the disease was called catarrhal jaundice.But in 1880 the prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease, proved his suggestions by such facts as the involvement in this pathologic process not only of the liver but also of the nervous system, the kidneys, the enlargement of the spleen, etc.

But it was not before 1940 that the term "Botkin's disease" was introduced into medicine due to the efforts of the well-known Soviet physician M. Konchalovsky.

Botkin's disease occurs in epidemic form. This disease more commonly affects children, adults as well as elderly persons suffering from it frequently too.

Botkin's disease is known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood, liver and found in stool and urine. The virus is infective only for man. As this virus cannot be seen under a usual microscope, it is revealed only by an elec­tronic one. Being highly virulent the virus survives in water, food, and on hands for days and weeks.

X. Выпишите из текста А эквиваленты следующих словосочета­ний:

1. закупорка общего желчного протока; 2. благодаря усилиям; 3. атак-же пожилые люди; 4. печеночные клетки; 5. выживают в воде и пище; 6. уве­личение селезенки; 7. острое вирусное заболевание; 8. воспалительный процесс

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

XI. Translate the following words with the same root:

obstruction, obstruct, obstructive; survive, survival, survivor; suggest, sug­gestive, suggestion; contribute, contribution, contributory, contributor

XII. Give the words of the close meaning:

to put forward, origin, whole, at the same time, to stay alive, in a wrong way, some time later, rather old, quite easily

XIII. Choose the sentences with Absolute Participle Construction:

1. Gastric and duodenal ulcers having been proved to result from distur­bances in the central nervous system, the corticovisceral theory of the pathogen-esis of ulcer was developed. 2. Being followed by erosion of the affected area of the stomach, spastic contractions of vessels result in trophic disturbances of this organ. 3. The patient having survived the operation well, the danger of peritoni­tis was eliminated.

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