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XV. Translate into English:

1. Выдающийся русский ученый И.М. Сеченов много работал над проблемой обмена газов в легких. 2. На основании многочисленных иссле­дований ученые пришли к выводу, что циркулирующий объем крови зависит от изменений температуры воздуха. 3. Чем обусловлен переход углекислого газа из крови в легкие? 4. Ученый доказал своим коллегам (co-workers), что его выводы были правильными. 5. На заседании кафедры он доложил о ре­зультатах своих опытов. 6. Вследствие увеличения физической нагрузки час­тота сердечных сокращений обычно учащается (accelerate).

XVI. Answer the questions according to the model:

A.: I have already published my findings. Have you?

В.: I have not published my findings yet. I shall have published them by the end of the month.

1. I have already changed my method of research. Have you? 2. I have already determined the findings of my observations. Have you? 3.1 have already-completed my investigations. Have you?

XVII. Put the verbs in brackets in the proper tense:

1. The patient (to be) under medical care before the surgeon began the operation. 2. They (to isolate) the patient with the grippe from the others before they were infected. 3. My experiments not yet (to prove) anything since I started them. 4. We (to complete) our observations on the changes in the blood erythrocytes by tomorrow.

XVIII. State the part of speech by the suffixes. Translate the following words:

atmospheric, difference, pressure, alveolar, diffusion, substance, capacity, combination, carbonic, accomplishment, conclusion, venous

XIX. Answer the following questions:

What do we call a person who

1. discovers something? 2. founds some new theories? 3. investigates some phenomena? 4. researches in some field of science? 5. observes some changes in the experiments?

XX. Read and translate Text B. Remember the given data to be able to answer the questions:

Text b. The Exchange of Gases in the Lungs

The exchange of gases takes place in the alveoli ['aelvialai] of the lungs. Oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes into the atmospheric air.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is due to the difference of partial (парциальное) pressure of these gases in the alveolar air and in the venous blood.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar air is higher than in the venous blood. The transfer of oxygen from the atmospheric air into the blood is due to this difference of pressures.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in the venous blood and this enables carbon dioxide to pass from the blood into alveolar air.

The process of transfer of gases into the medium ['mildiam] (среда) with a lower partial pressure is called diffusion. Hemoglobin is that substance of the blood which transfers oxygen in the blood. The oxygen capacity of the blood averages to 18-20 millilitres (ml) per 100 gr of blood. Carbon dioxide is transferred in combination with hemoglobin and as bicarbonic salts.

The combination of oxygen and hemoglobin is called oxyhemoglobin, that of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin - carbohemoglobin.

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