XVI. Revise Text в (Lesson 13) and say what heart valve is described in each sentence:

1. This valve connects the atrium and the ventricle of the left heart chamber.

2. This valve connects the atrium and the ventricle of the right heart chamber.

3. This valve is located at the point of origin of the aorta in the left ventricle.

4. This valve is located at the point of origin of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle.

XVII. Combine the nouns with appropriate verbs, putting them in the necessary form:

the heart, the blood, the artery

contract, pass, dilate, bring, pump, vary, beat, compose, work, consist of, discharge out, receive, enter, act, serve, send, oxygenate, carry

XVIII. Read Text d and say what data important for a future doctor are given in it. What will you try to remember? Text d. The Heart Sounds

When we listen to the heart we can hear two sounds. The third sound is also heard in some young persons before the age of 30.

The first heart sound is the longest one. It is heard at the moment of contraction of the ventricles when the atrio-ventricular valves close.

The second sound lasts for a shorter period of time. It is heard at the moment when the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close.

The third heart sound is heard when the blood is passing from the atria into the ventricles.

The first and the second cardiac sounds are heard over all the portions of the heart and often over the large vessels. The first heart sound is greater over the surface of the ventricles and it is the greatest over the surface of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The second heart sound is heard loudest over the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

Heart sounds are also heard over some portions of the chest. Normally the first heart sound is heard best over the apex of the heart in the fifth costal interspace. The second sound is heard best over the pulmonary artery and the aorta, that is in the second left and right costal interspaces. The aortic sound is normally louder than the pulmonic sound.

The heart sounds are very important in the clinical diagnosis and the doctors determine many cardiac diseases by heart sounds.

XIX. Answer the questions on Text d:

1. How many heart sounds do we hear when we listen to the heart? 2. When is the first heart sound heard? 3. When is the second heart sound heard? 4. At what moment is the third heart sound heard? 5. Where is the first heart sound heard louder? 6. Over the surface of what valves is the first heart sound heard loudest? 7. Where is the second heart sound heard loudest? 8. In which costal interspaces is the first heart sound heard best? 9. In which costal interspaces is

the second heart sound heard best? 10. Which of the two sounds - the aortic or the pulmonic is louder normally? 11. What do heart sounds help the doctors to determine?

Unit 2. The physiology of respiration

Правила чтения: Буквосочетания eu, ew, ue; буква u после r, 1, j. Словообразование: Суффикс -ian;

префиксы dis-, a-, ab-, be-, com-, con-, de-, ex-, per-, pre-. Грамматика: Согласование времен. Бессоюзные придаточные предложения.