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IX. Переведите следующие предложения (письменно):

1. Нам дают книги. 2. Мне часто задают много вопросов. 3. Операции производятся хирургом. 4. Учебники пишутся для студентов. 5. Нас часто видят в библиотеке. 6. Курсовые собрания обычно проводятся в конце семестра.

X. Прочитайте и запомните следующие термины:

cranial [Ta-emial] черепной

facial ['fei/al] лицевой

spinal column ['spamal 'кгЛэт] позвоночный столб

cervical [S3:'vaikl] шейный

thoracic [Go:'raesik] грудной

lumbar ['Lvrnba] поясничный

sacral ['seikral] крестцовый

vertebra fv3:tibr9] позвонок (pi (-ae) [i:])

coccyx ['koksiks] копчик

arch [airtj] дуга

thorax ['0o:raks] грудная клетка

basic [Ъешк] основной

cartilage ['ka:tilid3] хрящ

pelvis ['pelvis] таз

ligament ['ligamant] связка

substance ['sAbstans] вещество, субстанция

XI. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

bone [Ьэип] п (pi bones) кость (мн. ч. скелет, кости) skull [sbvl] n череп, черепная коробка consist (of) [kan'sist] v состоять (из)

part [part] n часть; take part in smth принимать участие в чем-л. trunk [trArjk] n туловище spine [spam] n позвоночник chest [t/est] n грудная клетка rib [rib] и ребро

breastbone [brestbaun] n грудина

side [said] n сторона, бок; in the side в боку; on each side с каждой сторо­ны

compose [kam'pauz] v составлять; be composed of состоять из connect [ka'nekt] v соединять, связывать

free [fri:] а свободный; бесплатный

neck [nek] n шея, шейка

lower extremity ['1эиэ(г) ik'stremati] нижняя конечность

upper extremity ['лрэ(г) ik'stremati] верхняя конечность

thigh [6ai] n бедро, бедренная кость

forearm ['fo:ra:m] n предплечье

shoulder ['Jaulda] n плечо, плечевой сустав

joint [d3omt] n сустав; а совместный, объединенный

XII. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова и словосочета­ния:

1. arch [aitfj: arches ['a:tjiz], the arch of the vertebra, the arch of the aorta [ei'o:ta]

2. breastbone ['brestbaun]: the breastbone is a long bone, the breastbone is in the middle of the chest

3. extremity [ik'stremati]: the lower extremity, the am is an upper extremity, the leg is a lower extremity

4. shoulder ['Jaulda]: the right shoulder, the left shoulder

5. joint [d3Oint]: to be connected together by the joints, some bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints, joint experiments

XIII. Выучите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на предлоги:

to consist of, in the side, on each side of, to be composed of, to take part in, in the adult, to be connected with

XIV. 1. Прочитайте текст а. 2. Найдите предложения в Present In­definite Passive и переведите их. 3. Озаглавьте 3-й и 4-й абзацы текста:

Text A. The Skeleton

The skeleton is composed of bones. In the adult the skeleton has over 200 bones.

The bones of the skull consist of cranial and facial parts.1 There are 26 bones in the skull.

The bones of the trank are the spinal column or the spine and the chest (ribs and the breastbone). The spine consists of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.

The vertebra is a small bone, which is formed by the body and the arches. All the vertebrae compose the spinal column or the spine. There are 32 or 34 vertebrae in the spine of the adult. In the spinal column there are

seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar, five sacral vertebrae and from one to five vertebrae which form the coccyx. The cervical part of the spine is formed by seven cervical vertebrae. Twelve thoracic vertebrae have large bodies. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column. They have oval bodies.

The chest (thorax) is composed of 12 thoracic vertebrae, the breastbone and 12 pairs (nap) of ribs. The breastbone is a long bone in the middle of the chest. It is composed of three main parts. The basic part of the chest is formed by the ribs. On each side of the chest seven ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The cartilages of three other ribs are connected with each other and with the seventh rib. But the cartilages of these ribs are not connected with the breastbone. The eleventh and the twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone either (также). They are not connected with other ribs, they are free. Each rib is composed of a head, neck and body.

The lower extremity consists of the thigh, leg and foot. It is connected with the trunk by the pelvis. The upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm and hand. It is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle (пояс).

The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.

Note

1. consist of cranial and facial parts - состоят из мозгового и лицевого отделов

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

XV. Form and translate Past Participle of the following words:

leave, feel, think, become, lose, complete, require, achieve

XVI. Translate into English:

врач, обследующий больного; больной, обследуемый в рентгено­вском кабинете; студент, встречающий своих друзей; студент, встре­ченный своими друзьями; хрящ, соединяющий плечо и предплечье; хрящ, соединенный с плечевым суставом

XVII. Translate into Russian:

1. The skeleton is composed of bones. 2. The spinal column is formed by the vertebrae. 3. The cervical part of the spine is composed of seven cervical vertebrae.

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XVIII. Make these sentences interrogative:

1. The upper extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle. 2. The lectures in Physiology are attended by all the students. 3. On each side of the chest the breastbone is connected with seven ribs.

XIX. Put the verbs in Present Indefinite Passive:

1 .Seven cervical vertebrae compose the cervical part of the spine. 2. Cranial and facial bones form the skull. 3. The pelvis connects the lower extremity with the trunk.

XX. Translate into Russian paying attention to the word 'if:

1. He wants to know if the skeleton is composed of over 200 bones. 2. My fellow-student asks me if each rib is composed of a head, neck and body. 3. I do not remember if the ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages or by ligaments.

XXI. Ask each other questions and answer them:

Ask your friend if

1. cartilages connect the joints; 2. the chest is composed of the breastbone and 24 ribs; 3. the man has two lower extremities; 4. the upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm, and hand; 5. the spinal column is composed of the vertebrae; 6. the skull is composed of facial and cranial parts

XXII. Translate into English:

1. Мой друг принимает активное участие в конференциях по химии. 2. С каждой стороны грудной клетки имеется семь ребер. 3. Из чего со­стоят ваши занятия в институте? 4. Нижняя конечность состоит из бедра, голени и стопы. 5. Сердце находится в левой стороне грудной клетки. 6. Ко­сти черепа соединяются с шейными позвонками. 7. У взрослых кости ко­нечностей длиннее, чем у детей.

ХХШ. Translate into Russian and memorize the words given in bold type:

1. One of the books by Tolstoy is called Anna Karenina. 2. We see with our eyes. 3. The brain is the organ of thinking. 4. The brain is in the cranial cavity. 5. The teeth are in the oral cavity. 6. The Urals separate Europe from Asia.

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