2. Answer the questions to the text

1. What is needed to avoid damage by transporting?

2. What makes handling operations easier?

3. How are smaller parcels/liquid cargoes/grain and flour packaged?

4. What must parcels bear to avoid rough handling?

5. What was the most striking feature in the evolution of packaging?

6. What containers are available for goods of all types?

7. What is groupage?

8. What is the stuffing/stripping operation?

9. What information do labels indicate?

10. Where are containers generally stored on arrival in the terminal?

11. Who collects containers from the marshaling area?

12. What is made with a container proved to be in a bad state?

3. Find in the text synonyms to the following words and word combinations.

Stevedoring, dimensions, goods handling, need, goods, consolidation, show

4. Complete the sentences with a necessary word from the essential vocabulary.

1. Goods such as cotton, wool may often be packaged into …

2. To handle goods conveniently they are … in a box or container.

3. A label indicating that the commodity can be damaged if no special precaution is taken is …

4. A label indicating that the parcel should not be hanged directly to the crane without using a sling is …

5. The goods are prepared and loaded before shipment in ….

6. … parcel doesn’t let any water in.

5. Find in the text the terms described by following definitions.

1. The weight of a container’s load.

2. To group commodities into units for shipment.

3. The overall weight of the parcel.

4. The act of transporting goods from various shippers in the same container.

5. The act of removing goods from the container.

6. The act of filling the container with goods.

7. A general word for any quantity of packed commodities.

8. Goods packaged according to generally accepted standard that make handling operations easier.

9. The place where containers, parcels, etc., are stored and classified according to their destination.

10. The activity consisting in loading and unloading goods.

6. A) Match each picture with the corresponding expression.

1. box

2. container

3. carton

4. bale

5. barrel

6. drum

7. pallet

8. bag

9. crate

b) Match the expressions of 6a with their definitions.

a) A low wooden platform on which goods are stacked for shipment or storage in a warehouse.

b) A box or case made of strips of wood for packing things to be shipped.

c) A large container for oil or chemicals.

d) A container made of wood, cardboard, metal, etc. with a flat stiff base and sides and often a lid, used especially for holding solid things.

e) A light cardboard or plastic box or pot for holding goods, esp. food or liquid.

f) A container made of paper or plastic that opens at the top, used esp. in shops/stores.

g) A large amount of a light material pressed tightly together and tied up, e.g. bales of hay/straw/cotton/wool

h) A large metal or wooden box of a standard size in which goods are packed so that they can easily be lifted onto a ship, train.

i) A large round container, usually made of wood or metal, with flat ends, and usually curved sides.

c) Match the expressions of 6a with the Ukrainian equivalents.

a) коробка

b) бочка

с) піддон

d) тюк

e) мішок

f) пакувальна клітка/ящик

g) ящик

h) контейнер

i) бочка для нафтопродуктів