Active Vocabulary

purpose/aim/objective/goal/target

a method/a technique/a procedure

detection/identification/observation

measurement/calculation/computation/approximation

advantages/merits

accurate/precise

data/results/method

to make an experiment/analysis

to reveal/to find /to confirm/to prove evidence

to study/to examine

to collect data

to refine the results

to create

to improve

to work out/to develop/to design

to verify/to check *

to approve/to disprove an assumption

to use/to employ/to apply

to allow/to permit/to provide

to have much promise/to be promising

to come into use

Tasks

A. Answer the questions:

1. What is the subject of your current research?

2. What is the purpose of your research?

3. What method do you employ? Why?

4. What are the advantages of the method you use over other methods and techniques?

Is this method only now coming into use? Is it new?

What does the method consist in? What operations does it include?

Do you find the method reliable/precise? Why?

How long has your current research been under way?

How much time will it take you to complete your research successfully?

B. Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about the purpose of your current research and the method used.

Currently I....

I make this set of experiments/analyses in order to ....

The experiment/analysis is performed with a view to ....

The purpose of my experiments/analyses is to ....

We undertake a set/a series of experiments hoping to ....

In our current research we ... the method of....

The method/technique allows/permits... to ....

The method/technique makes it possible to ....

This is, without doubt, the most... and... method.

The method proves to be....

C. Work in pairs.

Ask for and give information about your current research, namely its purpose and the methods you employ.

D. Act out the situation.

Two students/colleagues meet at a conference. They talk about their current research, expressing interest in its purpose, and describe the methods used.

Writing the Paper: Structure, Linguistic and Style

A research paper has physical and structural characteristics. The physical characteristics consist of the title, the introduction, the main body parts and the conclusion, which you write in indented paragraphs.

Introduction is a broad statement to the subject of research and narrow it down to specifics, namely the thesis statement / sentence of the whole paper. It provides a definite framework to follow in the rest of the paper, a clear understanding of what to expect from the rest of the paper.

Body of the paper provides evidence in support of the thesis sentence, each paragraph explaining one and only one aspect of the thesis. Each paragraph begins with a statement of the key idea in one sentence, which is called the topic sentence. There are several ways of supporting the key idea and developing paragraphs - by describing, classifying, providing statistical data and scientific evidence, analyzing causes and effects, comparing and contrasting, etc.

Conclusion is a summary of the introduction and the developmental paragraphs of the body parts, which is usually done from specific to general. It is a study to larger implications. It expresses a judgment on the research performed and the results obtained, explains the findings and / or make suggestions for further investigation.

1. Look through the journals on the subject of your research and find the titles of papers that fit the requirements described above.

2. Write down several titles for your paper and choose the best one.

3. Think over and write a thesis sentence for your paper.

2. Read the list of phrases and choose the most appropriate ones to write an introduction of your paper.

• To give the historical background of the investigation and to formulate the problem

1. During the past decade there has been increasing research into .... .

2. In some theoretical studies .... .

3......were able to provide a fully generalized, compact simultaneous solution to

4......is an important and common problem.

5. It has become a canonical problem in the study of.....providing a valuable test for simulation methods or theoretical models.

6. In the previous paper.... we used a specific model for ... .

7. Earlier description of the ....assumed that.... .

8. However, detailed experimental studies of... indicate that....

9. The most rigorous treatments available are restricted to the.....

10. In section 2, the paper continues with a discussion of.... Section 3

overviews...., section 4 then proposes... and this matter is discussed in section 5. Finally, in section 6 we discuss....

11.Several methods have been used to investigate..... .

• To make a brief review of related literature

1. There is a wide body of literature which suggests that... .

2. ... effects have received much attention.

3. There were the limited number of studies conducted on .... .

4. The listing of the program may be found in ... .

5. Examples are given in .... .

6. Extensive field studies were undertaken by the scientists at.... .

• To justify the need for your investigation

1. Studies on the ... process have been and still are of the interest because of the ...

2. In spite of significant recent advancement in the fundamental understanding of ... several important aspects of the ... still remain controversial.

3.....investigations have been proved very valuable in ... but they do not give a complete picture of..... since they eliminate..... .

4. Most of the above investigations concentrated on the general effects of... and did not look carefully at the ... .

5. There is lack of knowledge of.... Much further research is needed to understand

6. There is no complete knowledge of... .

7. There are still many gaps in our knowledge on the problems of... .

8. We still know very little about the origin of.... .

• To state the purpose of the research

1. The objective of this study is... .

2. ... is the primary purpose of the paper.

3. The main of this paper is to investigate the .... .

Ex 3. Answer the following questions:

1. How long did it take you to write the body of your paper?

2. What was the most difficult thing about it?

3. What are "Acknowledgements" and "References" parts of a research paper?

4. Follow the suggestions to write an abstract. Do not repeat the information given in the title.

Do not include in the abstract any facts or ideas that are not in the text; eliminate unnecessary background information.

Decide the degree of detail you include (especially for informational abstracts). Use direct, straightforward English; reduce wordy phrases; avoid jargon.

Use the past tense when describing what was done.

Finally, revise the opening statement to emphasize the new information contained in the paper.