- •Lecture 13 Patent translation
- •In Russia and Great Britain, the following types of patents are distinguished:
- •Internal Organization of a Patent
- •Title of invention
- •The field of the invention
- •Description of the prior art
- •Summary of the invention
- •Broadening paragraphs or qualifying statements
- •Detailed description
- •Linguistic peculiarities:
- •Grammatical peculiarities:
- •The rules to follow in translating patent claims:
Summary of the invention
The summary of the invention, which is distinct from the abstract, is meant to discuss the invention rather than the disclosure as a whole. Often, the summary will discuss advantages of the invention or how it solves the problems existing in the art, such as those presented in the background of the invention. As the summary of invention is rarely changed, the information presented is very often general in character. There is plenty of general terms and broadening paragraphs/
However, the main problem for a translator is cope with differences between German (Russian) and American one. According to German rules, a patent embraces only one invention, therefore, summary must include only one purpose of invention and only one engineering task to be solved. According to American rules, a patent can embrace several inventions and, therefore, summary can include several purposes and engineering tasks. However, there is no clear rules in usage corresponding terminology for the words:
Example 1. P.182
Accordingly, the general purpose of the invention is to provide an improved coal fired boiler which obviates the problems encountered in the prior art by removing ash from the boiler. An object of the invention is to provide a coal fired boiler wet back boiler. Another object of the invention is to provide a coal fired boiler with an ash collection device to prevent the passage of ash through the small diameter heat exchange tubes. A further object of the invention is to provide a coal fired boiler wherein ash may be removed in a simple and inexpensive manner. Still another object of the invention is to provide a coal fired boiler with improved means for removing the ash from the coal burning furnace, and with additional novel means for removing the ash from the boiler itself.
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Соответственно, цель настоящего изобретения – усовершенствование углесжигающего котла, в котором благодаря удалению золы устраняются проблемы, встречающиеся обычно при эксплуатации. Одна из особенностей котла — омываемая водой задняя стенка. Другая особенность — наличие золосборного устройства, предотвращающего попадание золы в теплообменные трубы малого диаметра. Еще одна особенность — удаление золы из котла с помощью простого и недорогого способа.
Кроме того, в котле обеспечиваются усовершенствованные средства золоудаления из топки и дополнительные новые средства золоудаления из самого котла.
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Here, general purpose is цель изобретения, while objects – техническая задача и средства. It is better to translate them as особенности. The purpose of the invention can be also called as primary object or principal object.
Example 2
It is, therefore, the object of my invention to overcome the dependency of prior art combustion system on separate piloting systems for proper flame stability. It is a further object of this invention to accomplish the aforesaid object by providing self-stabilizing combustion apparatus. |
Цель моего изобретения – устранение зависимости работы известных систем сжигания о отдельных растопочных систем стабилизации факела. Достигается эта цель путем использования самостабилизирующегося горелочного устройства. |
As shown, “further object” is nothing, but техническая задача.
Example 3.
This invention relates to gas burners and has for its object to provide an improved gas burner which is adapted to produce a laminar or flat flame and is suitable for use in burning gaseous fuels having different flame speed.
According to the invention there is provided a gas burner comprising a burner chamber having a flame port in the wall thereof, a partitioning arranged within the chamber to subdivide the interior of the chamber into separate compartments, the partitioning co-operating with the flame port so that the said compartments communicate with different sections of the flame port respectively, and means whereby gas may be supplied to the compartments, the burner being arranged so that gas supplies to different sections of the flame port are at different pressures with the higher pressure gas approaching the port in converging streams, the gas issuing from the port being spread into a lamina and burning with a flat flame with at least part of the base of the flame being supplied by gas issuing through a section of the port fed with gas at lower pressure.
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Настоящее изобретение относится к газовым горелкам и имеет целью создание усовершенствованной газовой горелки со слоистым или плоским факелом, пригодной для сжигания газовых топлив с разной скоростью распространения пламени. В соответствии с изобретением предлагается газовая горелка, включающая в себя камеру со шлицем в стене; перегородку, размещенную внутри камеры, разделяющую камеру на отдельные полости и установленную по отношению к шлицу так, чтобы каждая полость соединялась со своим участком шлица; средства подачи газа в полости, причем горелка устроена так, что потоки газа, поступающие к разным участкам шлица, имеют разное давление и потоки газа высокого давления на подходе к шлицу сужаются; газ, выходящий из шлица, приобретает форму плоской струи и горит в виде плоского факела, причем по крайней мере в часть корня факела газ поступает через участок шлица, соединенный с полостью низкого давления. |
The provided example is a typical summary taken form British patent. It the invention has two objects, there are called an object and another object, or the aim firstly and the aim secondly. The following part, i.e. engineering task and means, is close to the first item of the claims. That’s why the language is often very difficult. That is the peculiarity of British patent. Summaries in American patents do not so often include claims items.