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1. Выпишите из текста словосочетания, имеющие отношение к описанию поведения ребенка и переведите их, например: to run to their mothers excitedly – радостно бежать к матерям

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Children in child care facilities

In the United States today, many parents – both father and mother – work outside the home. As a result, many children are cared for by others while parents are at work. Often they are cared for in special child care facilities outside the home. Psychologists have studied the effect of such care on bonds of attachment between parents and children. They have also looked into effects of child care by people other than parents on children’s social development.

Studies have found that children who become accustomed to being cared for by people other than their parents are less upset than other children than other children when their mothers leave them temporarily. They are also less likely to run to their mothers excitedly when their mothers return. Does this mean the children who are in child care are less attached to their mothers? Many psychologists believe that becoming accustomed to one’s mother’s going and coming is a sign of positive adjustment, not of a lack of attachment or of a social problem. Most children in full-time non-parent child care appear to be securely attached to their mothers.

Non-parent care seems to have mixed effects on other aspects of children’s social development, however. For example, some studies show that children in child care facilities are more sociable with other children, more likely to share their toys, and more independent and self-confident than children who spend the day at home. In these studies, child care seemed to make children more interested in other children and to help them develop social skills. On the other hand, another study found that children in child care facilities were somewhat less cooperative and more aggressive than children cared for at home. Children in child care facilities may receive less attention or fewer resources than they would like. As a result, they may become more aggressive as they compete with the other children for attention and resources. Some psychologists however interpret the greater aggressiveness as a sign of independence rather than maladjustment.

Of course, the quality of child care by people other than parents varies widely. In general, children seem to do better environments that are stimulating. Also, the more adults per child there are and the more sensitive the caregivers are, the higher the quality of the child care.

Abridged from Psychology

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