2. Text: «Great Britain»

Practice reading the text, translate it into Russian.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland.

The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres. The population is over 56 million. About 80 % of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London.

The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. The winds blowing from the Atlantic are warm and wet. They bring plenty of rain to the island. It ensures a long growing season and is suitable for agriculture.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge Universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. There are 47 Universities in Great Britain.

The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The House of Commons is the major element in the British Parliament. It consists of 635 members elected by popular vote. The election is held every five years. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour party, the Conservative party and the Liberal party. The Labour party is the ruling party nowadays.

3. Dialogue: «The scenery of Great Britain»

Practice reading the dialogue, and translate it into Russian. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Teacher: I’ve told you that the scenery of Great Britain is very diverse. You can find the fine combinations of low- and highlands, plains and mountains. And what are the highest regions in the country?

Student 1: The highest regions are in Scotland and in the North Wales. The highest peak in Scotland is Ben Nevis, 1343 m. In Wales the highest peak is Snowdon. There is also the Pennine chain in North England with some wild mountains for climbing. Here is Lake District which consists of 16 lakes or «lochs» as they call them. The largest lake is Windermere and the deepest one – Westwater.

Teacher: That’s right. Lakes and rivers are roads of water which are not less important as railways or roads. And now who’d like to speak about English rivers?

Student 2: There are many rivers in Great Britain, but the greatest rivers are the Thames flowing to the East, the Severn to the West and the Trent to the North. The longest river is the Severn – about 200 miles. The busiest river is the Thames. It is also the most beautiful river. The Trent is the fastest.

Teacher: And who can tell me about the most beautiful lowlands in Britain?

Student 3: I think the South English plain is very attractive It is not only beautiful but the richest, the most fertile and that’s why the most populated in the country.