The components of diabetes management.

Treatment of diabetes is directed by the physician, but the responsibility for implementing the treatment rests with the patient. Therefore, to control his blood glucose, the patient will need to know how to manage the following:

• diet

• medications

• exercise program

• testing methods for sugar and ketone determinations

• acute problems

• hypoglicemia (low blood sugar)

• hyperglicemia (high blood sugar)

• guidelines for daily living and for skin and foot care

• guidelines for sick days.

Genitourinary disorders

Genitourinary symptoms

• renal / bladder disorder

• sexual dysfunction

• neurologic impairment

Treatment of the g.d.

• medication

• surgery

• long-term therapy

• guidelines for daily living

• prevention of complications

• coping strategies

DISORDERS:

• benigh prostatic hyperplasia or benigh prostatic hypertrophy (B.P.H.),

• urinary tract infection (U.T.I.),

• incontinence,

• chronic renal failure.

Diagnostic tests:

• kidney-ureter-bladder (K.U.B.) radiography

• renal computerized tomography

• nephrotomography

• renal ultrasonography

• cystourethroscopy

• intravenous pyelography

• radionuclide renal imaging (renal scan)

• renal angiography

• retrograde cystography

• retrograde ureteropyelography

• cystometry

• voiding cystourethrography

• clean-catch midstream urine specimen

URINARY TRACT INFECTION (U.T.I.)

A broad term , UTI refers to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in any portion of the urinary tract. It can occur as infection of the urethra (urethritis), the urethra and bladder (cystitis), or the urethra, ureters, bladder, and kidney (pyelonephritis). It's more common in women than in men.

The relevant causes of UTI.

• UTIs may occur after viral infections, such as mumps, measles, herpes, adenovirus or cytomegalovirus infections.

• The most common route of infection is from the urethra to the bladder.

The most common signs and symptoms of UTI.

The classic symptoms of UTI are frequency, urgency, and dysuria (often described as a burning sensation during urination). Hematuria may also occur. The patient may also complain of back pain, fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting .

The medication regimen.

Uncomplicated UTIs can be treated with any of several different courses of antimicrobial therapy.

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ ПО ТЕКСТУ «Genitourinary disorders»

renal - почечный

bladder – 1) пузырь; мочевой пузырь; 2) полость; 3)циста

sexual dysfunction – сексуальные расстройства;

impairment – нарушение, недостаточность

failure – недостаточность, нарушение, расстройство

long-term - длительный

coping - психологическая адаптация, приспособление к стрессовым нагрузкам

benigh - доброкачественный

incontinence – недержание

radiography – рентгенография, радиография

computerized tomography – компьютерная томография

nephrotomography - нефротомография

ultrasonography – ультразвуковая эхография

cystourethroscopy - цистоуретрография

intravenous pyelography – внутривенная пиелография

angiography - ангиография

retrograde - дегенерирующий

urinary tract – мочевыделительный тракт

urethra – уретра

ureter - мочеточник

urethritis – уретрит (воспаление мочеиспускательного канала)

herpes - герпес

adenovirus - аденовирусный

burning sensation – чувство жжения

hematuria – гематурия