Past Perfect Tense (Прошедшее совершённое время)

Compiled by Dzgoyeva T.A.

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола – to have – в Past Simple (had) и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола (третья форма глагола).

I had seen it. The train had left. They had arrived.

Вспомогательный глагол had используется при образовании отрицательной и вопросительной форм.

Had you seen it? Had the train left? They hadn’t arrived.

1. Past Perfect употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определённого момента в прошлом. Момент, до которого завершилось действие в Past Perfect,

а) может быть выражен обстоятельством времени (- by 7 o'clock, by Sunday, by the first of March, by the end of the week, by that time).

We had done the project by April.

b) другим действием в прошлом (с союзами after, before, when, …).

They had spent all their savings before their son left school.

2. Past Perfect употребляется с глаголами, не имеющими формы продолженного времени, для выражения действия, которое началось до определённого момента в прошлом и всё ещё было в процессе в этот момент.

He realized that he had been in love with her for a long time.

3. В сложноподчинённых предложениях с придаточными времени, вводимыми союзами: scarcely … when, hardly … when, no sooner … than (не успел … как, едва … как)

Обратите внимание на порядок слов: глагол had иногда предшествует подлежащему.

Hardly had the children got out of the house, when they saw a stranger in the yard.

4. Past Perfect также используется в косвенной речи:

Ann added she had been to London twice.

Exercises:

1. Say that somebody had already done the thing he/she was asked to.

Example: My mother asked me to clean the carpet, but … - My mother asked me to clean the carpet but I had already cleaned it.

1. Mrs. Green asked Andy to pick up her little son from the nursery school, but …

2. James recommended his friend to spend all the money saved on buying a PC but …

3. Jack advised Max to help himself to a glass of wine to calm himself down but …

4. I asked Billy to buy some new batteries for my radio but …

5. The receptionist at the hotel asked Mrs. Barker to fill in an arrival card but …

6. Nick advised Harry to complain to his neighbour about the noise her little children are making at night but …

7. She advised me to contact the Dean but …

8. The secretary told Bob to pay his exam enrolment fee but …

9. I recommended Kelly to apply for a job but …

10. Mr. Frettwood told his secretary to reply to the letters but …

11. We wanted our partners to confirm their arrival but …

12. They advised me to explore the possibilities for setting up an affiliate in that country but …

2. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.

1. You went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t there. (she/go/out) She had gone out.

2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before. (it/change/a lot)

3. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come. (she/arrange/to do something else)

4. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late. (the film/already/begin)

5. I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (I/not/see/him for five years)

6. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn’t hungry. (she/just/have/breakfast)

7. Mr. Smith would like to make some changes in the letter but he couldn’t. (the secretary/already/send/it).

8. When we got home last night we were shocked. (somebody/break into/the flat)

9. The house looked dirty. (they/not/clean/it/for weeks)

10. They were good friends. (they/know/each other/for a long time)

11. Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there. (we/never/be/there/before)

12. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (he/never/fly/before)