- •Can (could)
- •I. Ability, capability (mental, physical)
- •II. Possibility due to circumstances.
- •III. Permission.
- •Improbability
- •VI. Can (could) in Special Questions
- •VII. “Could” as a form expressing unreality
- •Revision exercises
- •May (might)
- •Possibility due to circumstances.
- •Permission.
- •Disapproval, reproach.
- •Supposition.
- •Revision Exercises
- •Obligation (from the speaker’s point of view)
- •Prohibition
- •Emphatic advice
- •Supposition
- •Supposition with reference to the future and in negative sentences.
- •Revision Exercises
- •Revision Can, May, Must
- •To have, to have got to
- •Have Got to
- •Have got to
- •Revision Exercises to be, to have
- •To be, to have, must
- •I. Promise, threat, warning.
- •II. Order, suggestion.
- •III. Asking for instructions.
- •I. Obligation
- •II. Criticism of a Past action.
- •III. Supposition implying strong probability.
- •Emotional should
- •I. Obligation (advisability, desirability)
- •II. Criticism of a Past Action.
- •III. Supposition implying strong probability.
- •Revision Exercises (ought, shall, should)
- •Will, would
- •Would rather, would sooner
- •Revision exercises (shall, should, will, would)
- •Dare (dared)
- •Revision exercises
- •Can (could)
- •May (might)
- •To have
- •A Rainy Day Episode
- •The Sailor and the Monkey
- •Supplement
- •The Shirt
- •The Doctor’s Advice
- •Aesop and Traveller
- •Balzac as a Handwriting Expert
- •Rather Late
- •The King and the Fortuneteller
- •The Boy and the Cakes
- •The King and the Critic
- •A Good Lesson
- •A Mistake
- •Mark Twain in France
Revision exercises
Exercise 1.
Explain the meanings of ‘can’ in the following sentences.
But the next day she was not well. She could not leave her cabin.
We can discuss it now, clause by clause.
My son is not in town; but he will be before long. Can I give him any message?
What on earth induced her to behave as she did, I never could understand. She could have married anybody she chose.
Can I smoke, Mr. Hawkins?
I ate the next course grimly to an end; she couldn’t have been enjoying her meal much either.
We’ll get you into the next room, and you can lie on the sofa for a bit.
What can have happened to change him so much?
Can there have been any misunderstanding in our first encounter?
The teacher said they could all go home.
A policeman arrived and told him he couldn’t park there.
Can he have changed now? Do you think it possible?
How did he get to know it? Who can he have been talking to?
“There’s no such train.” “We came by it.” “You can’t have.”
“Life,” the old man said, “can only be understood backward. Now I see clearly all the mistakes I made and could have avoided.”
Really he had no idea that she could use water-colour as well as that.
You and I are in charge of a great business. We cannot leave our responsibility to others.
Exercise 2.
Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Infinitive.
He can (to press) his suit himself, why should you do it?
The boy could not (to remain) sitting for such a long time, and he ran away.
He could not (to do) it, he is noble.
Oliver could not (to stay) in the room for a quarter of an hour when a funny gentleman came in.
Can I (to sleep) for such a long time? It seems to me that I have just gone to bed.
He cannot (to skate) now, I know that he is in the reading room.
He could (to fall ill), as he had chilled to the bone.
I cannot (to catch a chill) because I go in for swimming all the year round.
Can I (to get) some cool drink here?
Could these people (to come) to our meeting?
Can they (to lock) the door when they left the house and (to forget) to leave the key for me?
She cannot (to take treatment) this year, she looks quite ill.
This story cannot (to be read) without a dictionary.
He cannot (to walk) in the park in his patent shoes, it is raining cats and dogs.
Exercise 3.
Use the verb ‘can’ in the correct form followed by the appropriate form of the infinitive.
Your English is quite good for a beginner. You …(to read) English books in the original.
Do you think that our team …(to win)?
The man was very impolite. How … you (to bear) him?
Peter was ill and … (not to study) for a month.
If your friends are planning to go to the country you … (to join) them.
I … (not to bear) the heat here.
Now that the exams are over we …(to have) a good rest.
I just caught sight of Peter as I was leaving the Institute but he jumped into a bus before I … (to speak) to him.
She is tall for her age already. And she …(to grow) even taller.
He … (to make) good progress in his study of English because he worked hard.
Is there anything the matter with him? He looks so upset! He … (to fail) at the exam.
My friend invited me to the theatre with him, but I … (to afford) going. I had too much work to do.
Exercise 4.
Recast the following sentences using the verb ‘can’.
Is it possible that he is speaking about that particular day?
It is impossible that these discomforts have spoiled your journey.
I don’t think that he is looking forward to travelling with you, I am sure that he intends to spend the vacation in a rest home.
I doubt it greatly that they have gone to the country on such a nasty day.
I don’t believe that this suit is so expensive, it looks quite cheap.
I can’t believe it at all that he possesses a keen sense of humour now, he was never known to possess it in his youth.
He was not able to find shoes that would match his new suit in shade and colour.
Is it possible that I shall have my photo taken just now?
Is it true that the boy has been sleeping for four hours already? He never sleeps so long, he may have fallen ill.
Is it possible that the advertisement has been hanging here for two weeks already? I pass this street every day on my way home but I never saw it up till now.
I can’t believe that he has been disconcerted by my remark. I did not say anything particular.
I doubt it greatly that she is overcome by sorrow, I saw her laughing ten minutes ago.
Exercise 5.
Read the following sentences which describe a situation. Use the verb ‘can’ and the appropriate form of the infinitive in order to express your opinion about what is said. Give as many different suggestions as you can.
Model:
Peter has read “Vanity Fair” by Thackeray in the original.
A.: It is not surprising that he could read it. He has been studying English for 3 years already.
B.: He can read more English books in the original now.
C.: He can’t have read it. He doesn’t know English well enough yet.
Mary speaks English well.
Peter passed that difficult examination well.
My friend began to study French.
Several books have been lost from the library.
I hope the weather will be fine tomorrow.
We don’t know which cinema to choose.
It is still possible for us to catch our train if we make haste.
We have arranged to go to the South in summer.
I’ll come if I have time.
When Peter got to school the lessons had already begun.
The train had already left when we got to the station.
If you leave at 2 o’clock you will be there before dark.
Someone has taken my textbook by mistake.
I have forgotten to post your letters.
My teacher wants me to work harder.
Exercise 6.
Read the dialogue and comment on the meaning of the modal verb ‘can’. Recast the dialogue into a story using the verb ‘can’. Pattern your own dialogues after the dialogue.
Nora: Harry, something has gone wrong with my electric iron. I wondered if you could put it right?
Harry: Why, what’s the trouble?
Nora: I don’t know but it doesn’t work.
Harry: Oh, let’s have a look at it. I’m not an electrician, but perhaps I can see what’s the matter.
Nora: I plugged it in this morning, and for a little while it worked beautifully, but then it suddenly went off … .
So it must be the iron itself that’s wrong.
Harry: No, wait a minute. It may be the plug, or the flex. Oh, Nora! Look at this! One of the wires has come right away from the plug. No wonder the iron didn’t work.
Nora: Do you think you could mend it?
Harry: Easily.
Nora: Don’t you need a screwdriver?
Harry: No, I can do the whole job with my penknife. You know, Nora, if I can light the fire, or cook breakfast I don’t see why you can’t mend a piece of wire.
Nora: I know, darling, I’m so ashamed, but I’m afraid of electricity.
Harry: But my dear Nora – if you pull the plug out of the socket there can’t be any electricity in the wire!
(From “Meet the Parkers”)
Exercise 7.
Translate into English.
Во время контрольной пользоваться словарями нельзя.
Неужели сегодня так холодно?
Не мог он сделать такой глупой ошибки.
Не мог он вам этого не объяснить.
Можете идти в кино, если хотите.
Почему ты меня не спросил? Я бы могла тебе все объяснить.
Нельзя брать ход назад.
Вы не могли бы показать мне это место в учебнике?
Жаль, что я не умею этого делать так хорошо, как вы.
Я не знал, что она была в Москве летом. Я бы попросил ее отвезти эту книгу маме.
Принесите мне, пожалуйста, стакан воды.
Можно, мы возьмем Джека тоже?
Неужели они опоздали на поезд?
Как они могли опоздать на поезд! Они очень рано вышли из дома.
Кто ему мог рассказать об этом?
Можно мне попытаться еще раз?
Нет, Мэри, мороженое на улице есть нельзя.
Вы бы не могли передать ей этот журнал?
Можете пользоваться словарем, если вы не поймете какое-либо слово.
Не может быть, чтобы они этому действительно верили.
Exercise 8.
Translate into English.
Никак не может быть, чтобы он отсутствовал на собрании. Поищите его, он должен быть здесь.
Не может быть, чтобы он забыл о нашей встрече.
Не может быть, чтобы сейчас было только 5 часов. Ваши часы остановились.
Никак не может быть, чтобы у него был большой опыт в преподавании французского языка. Он окончил институт только в прошлом году.
Никак не может быть, чтобы он работал в это время.
Не может быть, чтобы эта книга стоила так дорого.
Не может быть, чтобы он извинился перед ней.
Не может быть, чтобы эта книга произвела на нее большой впечатление.
Я не думаю, чтобы она могла ушибить руку при падении.
Не может быть, чтобы он хотел обидеть вас.
Я не думаю, чтобы в прошлом году он читал английские книги в оригинале. Он знал еще слишком мало слов.
Я не думаю, чтобы они ходили в кино вчера. Мы договорились посмотреть этот фильм вместе на будущей неделе.
Exercise 9.
Translate the following sentences into English using ‘can’ in all of its possible meanings:
Ты мог бы перевести этот текст?
Эту книгу можно купить в любом магазине.
Он мог бы сделать это на прошлой неделе. Он не был особенно занят.
Он не мог показать нам расчеты, так как они не были готовы.
В комнате темно, я не могу найти свои вещи.
Не может быть, чтобы она ошиблась.
Неужели они ждали нас все это время?
Не может быть, чтобы вас послали ко мне. Я не имею к этому никакого отношения.
Можно мне чаю?
Он сказал, что мы можем идти.
Я не могу вернуться на автобусе.
Я мог бы вернуться на автобусе.
Морис уставился на письмо. «И откуда оно могло прийти?»
«Она не поняла тебя», — вскричал Филипп.—«Она поняла меня достаточно хорошо».—«Не может быть, что она тебя поняла», —повторил он упрямо.
Дорога пешком назад в гостиницу оказалась очень длинной, и он никогда не проделал бы ее без карты.
На что ты смотришь, Вили?—Ни на что. – Нельзя смотреть ни на что.
Она сказала более громким голосом: «Ты слышишь меня?»
Никто не смог бы произвести на меня большее впечатление, чем это сделал ты.
В тот момент я мог бы убить его.
Ему не могло быть больше тридцати лет, когда мы с ним познакомились впервые.
Я умел плавать, когда мне было пять лет. Папа научил меня.
Они очень милы со мной. Просто невозможно было быть более вежливыми и услужливыми.
Уже темнеет. Сколько же сейчас может быть времени?
Ты храбрый, раз работаешь с этими людьми. Я бы не смог этого сделать.
Он взял меню и сказал: «Ну, я полагаю, что ты хочешь есть. Давай посмотрим, что мы можем поесть».
А как щенки? Можно мне посмотреть на них?
