- •Can (could)
- •I. Ability, capability (mental, physical)
- •II. Possibility due to circumstances.
- •III. Permission.
- •Improbability
- •VI. Can (could) in Special Questions
- •VII. “Could” as a form expressing unreality
- •Revision exercises
- •May (might)
- •Possibility due to circumstances.
- •Permission.
- •Disapproval, reproach.
- •Supposition.
- •Revision Exercises
- •Obligation (from the speaker’s point of view)
- •Prohibition
- •Emphatic advice
- •Supposition
- •Supposition with reference to the future and in negative sentences.
- •Revision Exercises
- •Revision Can, May, Must
- •To have, to have got to
- •Have Got to
- •Have got to
- •Revision Exercises to be, to have
- •To be, to have, must
- •I. Promise, threat, warning.
- •II. Order, suggestion.
- •III. Asking for instructions.
- •I. Obligation
- •II. Criticism of a Past action.
- •III. Supposition implying strong probability.
- •Emotional should
- •I. Obligation (advisability, desirability)
- •II. Criticism of a Past Action.
- •III. Supposition implying strong probability.
- •Revision Exercises (ought, shall, should)
- •Will, would
- •Would rather, would sooner
- •Revision exercises (shall, should, will, would)
- •Dare (dared)
- •Revision exercises
- •Can (could)
- •May (might)
- •To have
- •A Rainy Day Episode
- •The Sailor and the Monkey
- •Supplement
- •The Shirt
- •The Doctor’s Advice
- •Aesop and Traveller
- •Balzac as a Handwriting Expert
- •Rather Late
- •The King and the Fortuneteller
- •The Boy and the Cakes
- •The King and the Critic
- •A Good Lesson
- •A Mistake
- •Mark Twain in France
III. Permission.
e.g. 1) You can go now, Mary.
2) You can stay if you want to.
Request
e.g. 1) Can you tell me the time?
2) Could you give me a lift?
Prohibition.
e.g. 1) You can’t cross the street here.
2) You can’t take the dog indoors.
Exercise 1.
Make up sentences asking for permission, as at the right.
have another helping
play chess go out put the fire out pour out the tea have a look at the photos use your car ask you a personal question
|
Can I have another helping of porridge?
|
Exercise 2.
Compose short dialogues of your own according to the pattern.
Model:
Can I see my sister, Doctor?
Yes, you can
or: No, you can’t. She’s being examined by the Professor.
IV-V. Doubt
e.g.
Can (could) it be so late?
Can (could) she really mean it?
Can (could) they be waiting for us?
Can (could) she have done it?
Can (could) you have been working so hard?
Improbability
e.g.
He can’t (couldn’t) be so old.
You can’t (couldn’t) mean it.
She can’t (couldn’t) be lying.
He can’t (couldn’t) have said it.
They can’t (couldn’t) have been waiting so long.
Exercise 1.
Express doubt, surprise or disbelief using the verb ‘can (could)’ according to the model, give reasons for your disbelief, surprise etc.
Model I:
It looks as if she were still sleeping.
Can she be still sleeping?
She can’t be still sleeping. It’s time she were at work.
He seems to be still writing his course-paper.
They say he is a fair man.
The film is said to be very bad.
It seems she is silent on the matter for fear of making him angry.
He is said to be good company.
He appears to be still waiting for her.
They say she is completely cured.
Leave me alone. I am tired.
He is still hesitating about our offer.
They say he is still a student.
They say he is very experienced.
Model II:
They say he put his idea into practice.
Can he have put his idea into practice?
He can’t have put his idea into practice. It’s quite impracticable.
I hear they treated her unkindly.
Everybody thinks her remark was intended for you.
He is said to have given up music.
Believe it or not, she hesitated before accepting his proposal of marriage.
I hear people say he has made a good doctor.
He was appointed secretary of the committee, they say.
He is said to have been promoted again.
She seems to have missed the joke.
I hear he sharply criticized your suggestion.
They put him off with some excuse and they gave the job to a different man.
He has guessed about our intentions, I think.
Exercise 2.
Refer the situation to the past.
Model:
Can (could) it be so late?
Неужели сейчас так поздно?
Can (could) it have been so late?
Неужели было так поздно?
Can she be only five?
2.Can he be telling the truth?
Can it be raining?
Can the children be at home already?
Can the cake be burning?
Can he be trying to tell us something?
Can she be so fond of them?
Can it be dangerous?
Can he be so rude?
Can it be true?
Exercise 3.
Translate into English.
Неужели я потеряла карту?
Неужели я так потолстела?
Неужели уже темнеет?
Неужели ей все рассказали?
Неужели я трачу время зря?
Неужели он переплыл реку в темноте?
Неужели молоко опять убежало?
Неужели они еще играют во дворе?
Неужели это так трудно?
Неужели было так холодно?
Exercise 4.
Refer the situation to the past.
Model:
1. She can’t be lying.
Не может быть, чтобы она лгала (сейчас).
2. She can’t have been lying.
Не может быть, чтобы она лгала (тогда).
Не могла она лгать.
It can’t be true.
She can’t be in London now.
You can’t mean it.
You can’t be doing your best.
She can’t be crying.
It can’t be so difficult as all that.
There can’t be only one way out of the cave.
They can’t be still waiting for you.
She can’t be so rude.
He can’t be walking now.
Exercise 5.
Translate into English.
Не может быть, чтобы он забыл свое обещание.
Не может быть, чтобы молоко уже выкипело.
Не мог он вам это сказать.
Не могла она опоздать на поезд.
Не может она это думать
Не может быть, чтобы ты этому действительно верил.
Не может быть, чтобы ей было двадцать пять лет.
Чай не может быть все еще горячим.
Не может быть, чтобы вы знали это лучше нее.
Не мог он принять вас за другого.
Exercise 6.
Study the following.
Note
To express strong or very strong doubt about an action not taking place (неужели кто-то не делает, не сделал что-то; не может быть, чтобы кто-то не делал, не сделал что-то) we use the expression to fail to do something. Negative prefixes dis- and mis- are also used.
e.g.
Can she have failed to see him?
Неужели она его не увидела?
She can’t have failed to see him.
Не может быть, чтобы она его не увидела.
Не могла она его не увидеть.
Can she dislike me?
Неужели я ей не нравлюсь?
She can’t have misunderstood me.
Не может быть, чтобы она меня не поняла.
Не могла она меня не понять.
Exercise 7.
Express strong and very strong doubt about the statement made in the following sentences.
Model:
She did not trust him from the start.
Can she have mistrusted him — .
She can’t have mistrusted him — .
She did not explain to me how to do it.
Can she have failed to explain to him —.
She can’t have failed to explain to him —.
She did not leave her address.
She does not believe his story.
She did not recognize him when they met on the platform.
They did not deliver the mail in time.
Mother did not understand my directions.
He did not buy tickets.
She did not get there in time.
He did not cope with the task.
He did not solve the problem.
She did not understand the text.
Exercise 8.
Translate the following sentences according to the model.
Model I:
Не может быть, чтобы он не пришел в условленное время.
He can’t have failed to come at the appointed time.
Не может быть, чтобы она заметила, что он был расстроен.
Не может быть, чтобы он не проверил аппарат перед включением.
Не может быть, чтобы она не поняла, какую цель мы преследовали.
Не может быть, чтобы он не предусмотрел эту трудность.
Не может быть, чтобы они не убедили его.
Не может быть, чтобы она не изменила своего мнения после нашего разговора.
Не мог он не слышать звонка.
Не может быть, чтобы она этому верила.
Не может быть, чтобы он не смог сделать это.
Не мог он не прийти вчера на лекцию.
Model II:
Неужели телеграмма не дошла до них?
Can the telegram have failed to reach them?
Неужели он не смог доказать свою точку зрения?
Неужели она не поняла его шутку?
Неужели он не проверил багаж прежде чем отправить его на станцию?
Неужели она так и не увидела разницы между оригиналом и копией?
Неужели он не проверил, все ли на месте?
Неужели вы не принесли статью?
Неужели он вам действительно не нравится?
Неужели он не понял ваших объяснений?
Неужели вы еще не проверили сочинения?
Неужели он так и не отослал письмо?
