I. Promise, threat, warning.

You shall get your money back in time.

You shall catch another of your beastly colds.

He shall be sorry.

II. Order, suggestion.

You shall do it immediately.

III. Asking for instructions.

Shall I open the window?

Shall I come a little later?

Exercise 1.

Translate the following sentences with the modal verb ‘shall’ denoting promise.

1. “I’d be more likely to remember that I’m working for Doctor Page if I had my month’s salary, Mrs. Page.” She reddened. … Then she tossed her head defiantly. “You shall have it. The idea!” (Cr.)

2. I have promised Mr. Hardman that the jewels shall be returned to him today. (A. Chr.)

3. If you ever want me, come to me for my assistance, and you shall have it. (O.W.)

4. Justice may be slow, mother, but it comes in the end. In a few days you shall be Lord Illingworth’s lawful wife. (O.W.)

5. When she had slipped into her clothes again, he said, “Sometimes you shall pose for me.” (Stone)

6. A good cry and a good cup of tea – there’s nothing to beat them, and a nice cup of tea you shall have at once my dear, before you start off on that cold drive. (A. Chr.)

7. You shall see it in due course, if you choose to agree. (Harvey)

8. It is very true, however; you shall read his letter yourself. (Aust.)

9. I give you a chance of escape. Sign this paper, and you shall have twenty-four hours’ start – twenty-four hours before I place it in the hands of police. (A. Chr.)

Exercise 2.

Translate the following sentences with the modal verb ‘shall’ denoting determination, warning or threat.

1. You’d better hold your tongue, my dear, and if you don’t, every letter you’ve written to me shall be sent to your mother-in-law. (S.M.)

2. Referees shall be appointed to prevent the carrying of any weapon. (Donl.)

3. She walked towards the door, but Basil intercepted her. “You shan’t go yet. After all, I’m your son, and you’ve got no right to disgrace yourself.” (S.M.)

4. “He shall not be bored by me!” I thought furiously. “He shall not!” (S.H.)

5. Lord Windermere: “I’ll search your rooms.” Lord Darlington: “You shall not search my rooms. You have no right to do so. I forbid you!” (O.W.)

6. He had better prepare himself. He shall have a scandal. He shall have the worst scandal there has been in London for years. He shall see his name in every vile paper. (O.W.)

7. I’ve made up my mind. Henry shall go to the grange and nowhere else. (A. Chr.)

8. They shall not touch me ever again.

9. You shall not slip through my fingers.

10. Any one found guilty of robbery shall be shot of once.

Exercise 3.

Translate the following sentences where the modal verb ‘shall’ is used to ask for instructions.

1. There was one table. It had pink carnations and pink plates with little blue tea – napkins for sails. “Shall we sit here?” (Mansf.)

2. Roy got up from a leather sofa and warmly greeted me. “Shall we go straight up?” he said. (S.M.)

3. “Here, shall I show you what I found yesterday?” said Pip mysteriously, and he stuck his spade into the sand. (Mansf.)

4. “Shall we go and have our coffee in the next room?” he said. ‘”f you like.” (S. M.)

5. “This heat is terrible, Siegmund. Shall we go down to the water?” – “Shall we not go under the rocks?” said Helena. (Law.)

6. She was half-smiling, a grim, grim smile that stopped my breath for a minute. “Shall I tell you? I promised him not to.” (Banks)

7. I must be off now. Shall I come and see you again tomorrow? (A. Chr.)

8. Shall I call you from Washington? Tomorrow morning? (Updike)

9. “Shall we go, George? Shall I call down for a car?” – “I’ll take you by a horse cab.” (Donl.)

10. “Shall I read to you?” she asked bitterly. “Shall we sit by firelight?” he asked tentatively. (Law.

Exercise 4.

State the meaning of the verb ‘shall’ in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.

1. Well, my dear, I’m determined that there’s at least one thing you shan’t do and that is to tell Constance. (S.M.)

2. If you leave this house without an umbrella, you shall not come into it again. You shall never cross this threshold so long as I am alive. (S.M.)

3. Well, shall we have tea? (A. Chr.)

4. Mrs. Arbuthnotf: “He shall not come here. He shall not cross the threshold of my house.” (O.W.)

5. Strength came to them as they stood there clasped together in the darkness. Sandra said with determination: “This shall not wreck our lives! It shall not. It shall not.” (A. Chr.)

6. Nicola: “We shall have our evening to ourselves; and I shall be master in my own house, I promise you.” Louka: “You shall never be master in mine.” (B. Sh.)

7. Shall I wait downstairs? You can ring if you want me. (S.M.)

8. “If anything happens to her …” – “Nothing shall happen to her!” (A.Chr.)

9. He realizes the disadvantages under which he himself suffered as a boy and is determined that the youth of today shall be better equipped. (A. Chr.)

10. I consent. The report shall be withdrawn. (O.W.)

11. My dear, for twenty years you’ve refused the most eligible aspirants. Shall we tell Polly about the last one? (S.M.)

12. “You shall see it (the portrait) yourself tonight!” he cried, seizing a lamp from the table.

13. I made a mistake about this afternoon. It shall not occur again. You shall enjoy your solitude.

14. Well, if it’s twins, doctor, you shall be godfather.

Exercise 5.

Change the following sentences so that each sentence begins with the modal verb ‘shall’.

Model:

• Let’s have a rest, shall we?

• Shall we have a rest?

1. Let’s go to the cinema this evening, shall we?

2. Let’s go to the country instead, shall we?

3. Let’s walk across the fields and look for wild flowers, shall we?

4. Let’s buy some of these flowers, shall we?

5. Let’s give her a pair of gloves, shall we?

6. Let’s buy two ice-creams, shall we?

7. Let’s stop spending so much money on cigarettes, shall we?

8. Let’s have tea, shall we?

9. Let’s ring them up, shall we?

10. Let’s go to the river and swim, shall we?

11. Let’s go round and see him, shall we?

Exercise 6.

Make offers for these situations, begin sentences with ‘Shall I’ … or ‘Shall we…’?

1. The family are in the sitting-room. It’s very hot but the window is closed.

2. Your mother has written a letter which she wants to post at once. You are going out. So you say …

3. You and your friend want to go for a walk and suddenly it starts to rain. So you say …

4. You’re going out. It’s possible it will rain. You are not sure whether to take an umbrella. You ask for advice.

5. You meet your friend. You want to go somewhere. Make your suggestion.

6. Your friend wants to know how to use a Xerox. Make your offer.

7. You and your friend are at a restaurant. It’s late. The restaurant is closing. So you say …

8. Your friend is too tired to walk home and he has no car. Make your offer.

9. You and your friend are walking in the park. You feel you’d like to eat something. So you suggest.

10. There is a concert in the club tonight and you would like to go there with your friends.

Exercise 7.

Translate into English.

Model:

Shall I (smb) do smth? – Хотите ли вы, чтобы я это сделал?

1. Рассказать вам об этом?

2. Сварить вам кофе?

3. Показать вам это место в книге?

4. Будем сейчас обедать?

5. Нам здесь переходить улицу?

6. Пойти сказать им, чтобы они так не шумели?

7. Нам вас подождать?

8. Мне это в письменной форме перевести?

9. Сказать ему это?

10. Нам идти наверх?

Exercise 8.

Change the following statements into promises, warnings, threats by using ‘shall’ + Infinitive’.

1. He will catch pneumonia one of these days, walking bare-headed in the rain the way he does.

2. You will be perfectly all right. I’ll look after you.

3. You will remember these words. And quite soon at that.

4. Things will right themselves. Just take it easy.

5. She will be well in no time. She’s as strong as a horse.

6. You will get a wonderful time. See if you don’t.

7. He will pay you back sooner or later for what you did to him. Better watch your step, baby.

8. You will be hungry if you don’t eat anything now.

9. You will drive the car as soon as we get out of town.

Exercise 9.

Complete the following sentences.

1. The books shall be returned to him by all means, because …

2. A day shall be announced when … .

3. A letter shall be sent to your mother if … .

4. You shall not have it … .

5. You shall not bathe in the river … .

6. I shall be the owner of this house … .

7. This report shall be made tomorrow … .

8. Shall I show you …?

9. What time shall we expect …?

10. You shall not leave the house until … .

Exercise 10.

Complete the following sentences using the modal verb ‘shall’.

1. If you want the book you … .

2. In a few days you … .

3. I am quite determined that something … .

4. I am convinced that I … .

5. I remind you that you … .

6. I must be off now … .

7. Do you want anything …?

8. It’s a lovely day … .

9. I’ve found him here, in the library … .

10. It’s getting dark … .

Exercise 11.

Make up short dialogues with the following statements.

1. You shan’t go there. It’s too dangerous.

2. He shall see his name in the paper.

3. You shall never cross the threshold of my house.

4. Nothing shall happen to him.

5. Shall we go downstairs to the canteen?

6. Shall I read it to you out loud?

7. Let’s pack up our things and leave tomorrow night.

8. Don’t worry. I shall be all right.

9. Be sure you shall do nothing of the kind.

10. He shall be glad to see you.

Exercise 12.

Read the following two-line dialogues. Define the meaning of ‘shall’. Compose dialogues of the same type. Lend emphasis to each statement as done below.

1) – She shall pay for it, she shall!

- No doubt about it.

2) – The child shall be punished for this, it shall!

- I won’t allow it!

3) – You shall develop complications, you shall!

- I’ll take care not to.

Exercise 13.

Translate into English.

1. Закрыть окно? Я боюсь, что вы простудитесь.

2. Вы получите ваш заказ завтра.

3. Напишите эти упражнения немедленно!

4. Скажите ей, что она получит билеты завтра.

5. Ждать ему вас внизу?

6. Зажечь свет? В комнате становится темно.

7. Помочь вам укладывать вещи? Я вижу, что вы торопитесь.

8. Ты себя плохо ведешь! Ты будешь наказан.

9. Не ешь мороженого. Ты заболеешь!

10. Мне подождать?

11. Задернуть занавески? Будет тише в комнате?

12. Она пожалеет об этом.

Exercise 14.

Translate into English.

1. Не ешь так много мороженого. У тебя заболит горло.

2. Мне позвонить или ты сама зайдешь ко мне?

3. Дать ли ответ сегодня или можно подождать несколько дней?

4. Вы останетесь здесь, иначе он будет вне себя от гнева.

5. Приготовить вам свежий чай?

6. Если он не будет слушаться, он будет наказан.

7. Вы ответите за свои поступки.

8. Вы сделаете так, как вам сказали.

9. Вы закажите это лекарство немедленно.

10. Что вы мне посоветуете: поехать в турлагерь или на взморье?

11. Не ходи без головного убора в такую холодную погоду. Ты простудишься и заболеешь!

12. Как вы думаете, записаться мне на прием к врачу или нет?

13. Зря она отказалась от поездки на северный Кавказ. Она пожалеет об этом, но будет поздно.

14. Открыть окно? По-моему здесь душно.

15. Ты себя плохо ведешь! Ты будешь наказан и не пойдешь на прогулку.

Should